6. c ANNASWAROOPA VIJNANEEYA ADHYAYA.
SHAKA VARGA :- (GROUP OF LEAFY VEGETABLES)
अथ शाकवर्गः
शाकं पाठाशठीसूषासुनिषण्णसतीनजम्
त्रिदोषघ्नं लघु ग्राहि सराजक्षववास्तुकम्
सुनिषण्णो अग्निकृद्वृष्यस्तेषु राजक्षवः परम्
ग्रह्ण्यर्शोविकारघ्नः वर्चोभेदि तु वास्तुकम्
Patha (Cissampelos pareira), shati (Hedychium spicatum), susha, sunishanna, satinaja in general,
· mitigates all the three doshas, are easily digestible and grahi (absorbent); Sunishannaincreases hunger and is aphrodisiac;
Rajakshava is still better and cures duodenal diseases, haemorrhoids;
vastuka breaks up the hard faeces.
हन्ति दोषत्रयं कुष्ठ वृष्या सोष्णा रसायनी
काकमाची सरा स्वर्या चार्ङ्गेर्यम्ला अग्निदीपनी
ग्रह्ण्यर्शो अनिलश्लेष्महितोष्णा ग्राहिणी लघुः
पटोलसप्तलारिष्टशार्ङ्गेष्टावल्गुजा अमृताः
वेत्राग्रबृहतीवासाकुतिलीतिलपर्णिकाः
मण्डूकपर्णीकर्कोटकारवेल्लकपर्पटाः
नाडीकलायगोजिह्वावार्ताकं वनतिक्तकम्
करीरं कुल्कं नन्दी कुचैला शुकलादनी
कटिल्लं केम्बुकं शीतं सकोशातककर्कशम्
तिक्तं पाके कटु ग्राहि वातलं कफपित्तजित्
· all these are
हृद्यं पटोलं कृमिनुत् सवादुपाकं रुचिप्रदम्
Patola is good for the heart (or the mind), useful in worms, sweet at the end of digestion and gives taste.
पित्तलं दीपनं भेदि वातघ्नं बृहतीद्वयम्
The two Brihatis (Brihati and Kantakari) increases pitta, promote hunger, breaks the hard faeces.
वृषं तु वमिकासघ्नं रक्तपित्तहरं परम्
Vrusha (Vasa) cures vomiting, cough and specially so the haemorragic disease.
कारवेल्लं सकटुकं दीपनं कफजित्परम्
Karavella (bitter gourd)is better in taste , kindles digestion and mitigates kapha and pitta especially.
Brinjal benefits:
वार्ताकं कटु तिक्तोष्णं मधुरं कफवातजित्
सक्षारं अग्निजननं हृद्यं रुच्यं अपित्तलम्
Brinjal is pungent, bitter, hot in potency, sweet, mitigates kapha and vata, is slightly alkaline, kindles digestion improves taste and does not aggravate pitta
करीरमाध्मानकरं कषायं स्वादु तिक्तकम्
Karira produces distention of the abdomen, is astringent, sweet and bitter in taste,
कोशाताकावल्गुजकौभेदिनावग्निदीपनौ
Kosataki and avalguja break the hard faeces and kindle digestion
तण्डुलीयो हिमो रूक्षः स्वादुपाकरसो लघुः
मदपित्तविषास्रघ्नः मुञ्जातं वातपित्तजित्
स्निग्धं शीतं गुरु स्वादु बृंहणं शुक्रकृत्परं
गुर्वी सारा तु पालङ्क्या मदघ्नी चाप्युपोदका
पालङ्क्यावत्स्मृतश्चञ्चुः स तु सङ्ग्रहणात्मकः
विदारी वातपित्तघ्नी मूत्रला स्वादुशीतला
जीवनी बृंहणी कण्ठ्या गुर्वी वृष्या रसायनम्
चक्षुष्या सर्वदोषघ्नी जीवन्ती मधुरा हिमा
· is good for the eyes, mitigates all the dosas, is sweet in taste and cold in potency.
कूष्माण्डतुम्बकालिङ्गकर्कार्वेर्वारुतिण्डिशम्
तथा त्रपुसचीनाकचिर्भटं कफवातकृत्
भेदि विष्टम्भ्यभिष्यन्दि स्वादुपाकरसं गुरु
Kusmanda (ash gourd), Tumba (alabu), Kalinga, karkaru, evaru, tindisa, trapusa, cinaka, cirbhata
—all cause increase of kapha and vata, breaks the hard faeces, stays long without digestion inside the stomach, causes more secretion in the tissues, sweet in taste and at the end of digestion and not easily digestible.
ASH GOURD BENEFITS
वल्लीफलानां प्रवरं कूष्माण्डं वातपित्तजित् बस्तिशुद्धिकरं वृष्यं त्रपुसं त्वतिमूत्रलम्
तुम्बं रूक्षतरं ग्राहि कालिङ्गैर्वारुचिर्भटम्
बालं पित्तहरं शीतं विद्यात्पक्वमतो अन्यथा
शीर्णवृन्तं तु सक्षारं पित्तलं कफवातजित्
रोचनं दीपनं हृद्यमष्ठीला आनाहनुल्लघु
Tumba (alabu) is very dry (causes dryness), absorbent ;
kalinga, ervaru and cirbhita
a)when tender mitigate pitta and are cold in potency,
b)but when ripe are opposite in qualities,
c) these which are overripe and separated from its attachment, will be alkaline in taste, increase pitta, mitigate kapha, and vata, improves taste and appetite, good for the heart, cures enlargement of the prostate, distention of abdomen and easily digestible.
मृणालबिसशालूककुमुदोत्पलकन्दुकम्
नन्दीमाषककेलूटशृङ्गाटककसेरुकम्
क्रौञ्जादनं कलोड्यं च रूक्षं ग्राहि हिमं गुरु
Mrinala (lotus stalk), bias (lotus root), saluki (lotus tuber), kumuda (utpala kanda), nandi, mashaka, keluta,srngataka, kaseruka, kranucadana and kalodya
· are dry (cause dryness). Water absorbent, cold in potency and hot easily digestible.
कलम्बनालिकामार्षकुटिञ्जरकुतुम्बकम्
चिल्लीलट्वाकलोणीकाकुरुटकवेधुकम्
जीवन्तझुञ्ज्वेडकजयवशाकसुर्वर्चलाः
आलुकानि च सर्वाणि तथा सूप्यानि लक्षणम्
स्वादु रूक्षं सलवणं वातश्लेष्मकरं गुरु
शीतलम् सृष्टविण्मूत्रं प्रायो विष्टभ्य जीर्यति
स्विन्नं निष्पीडितरसं स्नेहाढ्यं नातिदोषलम्
Kalamba, Nalika – (kapotacarana), marsa, kutinjara, kutumbaka, cilli (vastuka), latvaka, lonika, karutaka, gavedhuka, jivanta, jhun jhu, edagaja, yavasaka (yavanisaka), suvarchala and aluka of different kinds,
· leaves of legumes used for soup and of laksmana are all sweet, slightly dry, salty, increases vata and kapha, not easily digestible cold in potency, help elimination of urine and faeces, stay long in the stomach for digestion; if cooked in steam, juice taken out and mixed with oils, they will not cause much aggravation of the dosas
लघु पत्रा तु या चिल्लीसा वास्तुकसमा मता
Cilli , which has small leaves is similar (in property) with vastuka.
तर्कारीवरुणं स्वादु सतिक्तं कफवातजित्
वर्षाभ्वौ कालशाकं च सक्षारं कटुतिक्तकम्
दीपनं भेदनं हन्ति गरशोफकफानिलान्
दीपनाः कफवातघ्नाश्चिरिविल्वाङ्कुराः सराः
शतावर्यङ्कुरस्तिक्ता वृष्या दोषत्रयापहाः
रूक्षो वंशकरीरस्तु विदाही वातपित्तलः
Vamsakarira (tender shoots of bamboo) causes dryness inside, heartburn and increase of vata and pitta.
पत्तूरो दीपनस्तिक्तः प्लीहार्शः कफवातजित्
Pattura kindles digestion, is bitter, cures enlargement of spleen, haemorrhoids and mitigates kapha and vata.
कृमिकासकफोत्क्लेदान् कासमर्दो जयेत्सरः
Kasamarda cures disease caused by worms, cough and increase of kapha and moves the bowels.
रूक्षोष्णमम्लं कौसुम्भं गुरु पित्तकरं सरम्
Kousumbha is dry, hot in potency, sour, hard to digest increase pitta and makes the bowels to move.
गुरूष्णं सार्षपं बद्धविण्मूत्रं सर्वदोषकृत्
· Sarsapa (mustard) is not easily digestible, hot in potency, binds the faeces and urine and causes increase of all the dosas.
· Mulaka (radish), when tender and not having definite taste, is slightly alkaline and bitter, mitigates the dosas, easily digestible hot in potency, and cures abdominal tumours, cough, asthma, ulcers, disease of he eye and throat, horseness of voice, asthma, upward movement inside the abdomen (reverse peristalsis) and chronic nasal catarrh.
RADISH BENEFITS:
यद्बालं अव्यक्तरसं किञ्जित् क्षारं सतिक्तकम्
तन्मूलकं दोषहरं लघु सोष्णं नियच्छति
गुल्मकासक्षयश्वासव्रणनेत्रगलामयान्
स्वराग्निसादोदावर्तपीनसांश्च
महत्पुनः
रसे पाके च कटुकमुष्णवीर्यं त्रिदोषकृत्
गुर्वभिष्यन्दि च स्निग्धसिद्धं तदपि वातजित्
वातश्लेष्महरं शुष्कं सर्वम् आमं तु दोषलम्
· Radish that is tender, and not having definite taste, is slightly alkaline and bitter, balances Doshas, easy to digest, hot in potency and cures abdominal tumors, cough, respiratory conditions, ulcers, diseases of eye and throat, hoarseness of voice, bloating, and rhinitis. Radish, big in size is hard to digest, pungent in taste and at the end of digestion, not in potency, increases all the three doshas, hard to digest and is abhishynadi (indigestion plus sticky to the gut).
· When cooked with fats it mitigates vata; the dried one causes increase of the dosha.
कटूष्णो वातकफहा पिण्डालुः पित्तवर्धनः
Pindalu is pungent, hot in potency, mitigates vata and kapha but increase pitta.
कुठेरशिग्रुसुरससुमुखासुरिभूस्तृणम्
फणिजार्ज्जकजम्भीरप्रभृति ग्राहि शालनम्
विदाहि कटु रूक्षोष्णं हृदयं दीपनरोचनम्
दृकशुक्रकृमिह्रुत्तीक्ष्णं दोषोत्क्लेशकरं लघु
· Kuthera, sigru (drum stick), surasa, sumuka, asuri, bhutrna, phanijjia, arjaka, jambira, etc. when green are water absorbent, cause burning sensation during digestion, pungent, cause dryness, hot in potency, good for the heart (or the mind), kindles hunger and taste, destroy vision, semen and worms (intestinal parasites), penetrates deep, cause slight increase of the dosas and are easily digestible
HOLY BASIL BENEFITS
हिध्माकासविषश्वासपार्श्वरुक्पूतिगन्धहा
सुरस: सुमुखो नातिविदाही गरशोफहा
Surasa (Tulasi – Holy Basil) cures hiccup, cough, poison, asthma, pain in the flanks and bad breath.
Sumukha does not cause much burning sensation, cures artifial (homicidal) poison and dropsy.
आर्द्रिका तिक्तमधुरा मूत्रला न च पित्तकृत्
Ardrika (coriander)
· is bitter and sweet in taste,
· diuretic and
· does not increase pitta.
GARLIC BENEFITS:
लशुनो भृशतीक्ष्णोष्णः कटुपाकरसः सरः
हृद्यः केश्यो गुरुर्वृष्यः स्निग्धो रोचनदीपनः
भग्नासन्धानकृद्बल्यो रक्तपित्तप्रदूषणः
किलासकुष्ठगुल्मार्शोमेहक्रिमिकफानिलान्
सहिध्मापीनसश्वासकासान् हन्ति रसायनम्
Lasuna (garlic)
· is highly penetrating (deep into the tissues),
· hot in potency,
· pungent in taste, and at the end of digestion,
· makes the bowles to move,
· good for the heart (or the mind), and hairs;
· hard to digest,
· aphrodisiac,
· unctuous,
· improves taste and digestion,
· helps union of features,
· gives strength,
· greatly vitiates the blood and pitta,
· cures leucoderma, skin diseases, .
· abdominal tumours,
· haemorrhoids,
· diabetes,
· worms,
· diseases caused by kapha and vata,
· hiccup,
· chronic nasal catarrh ,
· asthma and cough.
· It is a rejuvenator of the body.
पलाण्डुस्ताद्गुणन्यूनः श्लेष्मलो नातिपित्तलः
Palandu (onion)
· is inferior in the above qualities,
· increases of pitta.
कफवातार्शसां पथ्यः स्वेदे अभ्यवहतौ तथा
तीक्ष्णो गुञ्जनको ग्राहि पित्तिनां हितकृन्न सः
Grinjanaka (carrot)
· is best suitable to persons suffering from haemorrhoids of kapha Vata origin ,
· for fomenting (the pile masses) and eating;
· it is penetrating, water absorbent and not suitable to those who have pitta predominance.
दीपनः सूरणो रुचयः कफघ्नो विशदो लघुः विशेषादर्शसां पथ्यः भूकन्दस्त्वतिदोषलः
Surana (Yam)
· kindles digestion,
· improves taste,
· mitigates kapha
· is non-unctous,
· easily digestible and
· especially good for haemorrhoids;
· bhukanda causes increase of all the dosas to a great extent .
पत्रे पुष्पे फले नाले कन्दे च गुरुता क्रमात्
बस शाकेषु जीवन्ती सार्षपं त्ववरं परम्
इति शाकवर्गः
· Leaves, flowers, fruits (unripe), tubular leaves and tubers are heavy (not easily digestible in their successive order;
· jivanti is the best and sarshapa (mustard) is the worst among the leafy vegetables.
Thus ends the group of vegetables.
Notes: - Different kinds of vegetables have been described in these verses, some of them are recognizable now while some others are not, some of them were in use in olden days but not so now-a-days, many are available only in forests and fields while some others are cultivated.
PHALA VARGA- (GROUP OF FRUITS):-
Grapes benefits:
अथ फलवर्गः
द्राक्षा फलोत्तमा वृष्या चक्षुष्या सृष्टमूत्रविट्
स्वादुपाकरसा स्निग्धा सकषाया हिमा गुरुः
निहन्त्यनिलपित्तास्रतिक्तास्यत्वमदात्ययान्
तृष्णकासश्रमश्वासस्वरभेदक्षतक्षयान्
· Draksa (grapes) is best among fruits,
· is aphrodisiac,
· good for the eyes,
· helps elimination of urine and faeces,
· sweet in taste and the end of digestion,
· unctous,
· slightly astringent,
· cold potency,
· hard to digest,
· cures diseases of vata, pitta and rakta;
· better taste in the mouth,
· intoxication,
· thirst,
· cough,
· fever,
· respiratory conditions,
· hoarseness,
· injury to the lungs
· and chronic respiratory diseases.
DADIMA – (POMEGRANATE )
उद्रिक्तपित्ताज्जयति त्रीन्दोषान् स्वादु दाडिमम्
पित्ताविरोधि नात्युष्णमम्लं वातकफापहम्
सर्वं हृदयं लघु स्निग्धं ग्राहि रोचन दीपनम्
· It mitigates the greatly increased pitta in particular and the other dosas also
· and is sweet;
· the sour variety is also not going to increase pitta,
· not very hot in potency and mitigates vata and kapha.
· All varieties of Pomegranate
a)are good to the heart,
b)easily digestible
c) unctuous ,
d) without elimination of fluids,
e) stimulate appetite and digestion.
मोचखर्जूरपनसनारिकेलपरूषकम्
आम्राततालकाश्मर्यराजादनमधूकजम्
सौवीरबदराङ्कोलफल्गुश्लेष्मातकोद्भवम्
वातामाभिशुकाक्षोडमुकूलकनिकोचकम्
उरुमाणं प्रियालं च बृंहणं गुरु शीतलम्
दाहक्षतक्षयहरं रक्तपित्तप्रसादनम्
स्वादुपाकरसं स्निग्धं विष्टम्भि कफशुक्रकृत्
a)Mocha (plantain),
b)kharjura (dates)
c) panasa (jack fruits)
d) narikela (cocoanut )
e) parusaka
f) amrataka ,
g) tala,
h) kasmarya,
i) rajadana,
j) madhuka,
k) badara,
l) ankola,
m) phalgu,
n) slesmataka,
o) vatama,
p)abhisuka,
q) aksoda,
r) mukulaka,
s) nikocaka,
t) urumanam, and
u) priyala
· make the body stout,
· not easily digestible
· cold in potency,
· relive burning sensation ,
· injury to the lungs,
· consumption,
· bleeding conditions,
· sweet in taste and
· also at the end of digestion,
· unctous,
· stay long in the stomach without digestion,
· increase kapha and semen.
फलं तु पित्तलं तालं सरं काश्मर्यजं हिमम्
शकृन्मूत्रविबन्धघ्नं केश्यं मेध्यं रसायनम्
Fruit of Tala – Borassus flabellifera
· increases pitta,
· moves the bowels.
Fruits of kasmarya
· is cold in potency,
· relieves the obstruction of faeces and urine,
· good for the hairs,
· increases intelligence and
· is a rejuvenator.
वातामाद्युष्णवीर्यं तु कफपित्तकरं सरम्
Vaataama etc.
· are hot in potency
· increase kapha and pitta,
· are laxative.
परम् वातहरं स्निग्धमनुष्णं तु प्रियालजम्
प्रियालमज्जा मधुरो वृष्यः पित्तानिलापहः
Priyala (Buchanania lanzan)
· mitigates vata effectively,
· is unctous,
· cold in potency;
· its marrow is sweet,
· aphrodisiac,
· mitigates pitta and vata,
कोलमज्जा गुणैस्तद्वत्तृट्छर्दिः कासजिच्च सः
Kola majja (fleshy part of the kola)
· is similar (in properties with priyala majja )
· relieves thirst, vomiting and cough.
पक्वं सुदुर्जरं विल्वं दोषलं पूतिमारुतम्
दीपनं कफवातघ्नं बालं, ग्राह्युमयं च तत्
Bilva phala (bael fruit)
a)when ripe
· is hard to digest,
· aggravates the doshas
· and causes flatus;
b) unripe fruit
· kindles digestion,
· mitigates vata and kapha;
c) both are water absorbant.
कपित्थमामं कण्ठघ्नं दोषलं, दोषघाति तु
पक्वं हिधमावमथुजित्, सर्वग्राहि विषापहम्
Amakapittha (unripe Kapittha)
· is bad to the throat,
· and increases the three doshas.
a)Ripe fruit
· mitigates the dosas,
· relieves hiccup and vomiting,
· both are water absorbent and antipoisonous .
जाम्भवं गुरु विष्टम्भि शीतलं भृशवातलम्
सङ्ग्राहि मूत्रशकृतोरकण्ठ्यं कफपित्तजित्
Jambava (Jamun fruit)
· is not easily digestible,
· stays long inside the stomach,
· cold in potency,
· causes aggravation of vata especially,
· absorbs moisture from urine and faeces,
· bad for throat and
· mitigates kapha and pitta
वातपित्तास्रकृद्बालं, बद्धास्थिकफपित्तकृत्
गुर्वाम्रं वातजित्पक्वं स्वाद्वम्लं कफशुक्रकृत्
Bala amra (tender unripe mango)
· increases Vata , Rakta (blood) and pitta;
a)when its seed is fully formed,
· it increases Kapha and Pitta;
b) when it is ripe
· it is not easily digestible,
· mitigates vata,
· increases kapha and semen.
वृक्षाम्लं ग्राहि रूक्षोष्णं वातश्लेष्महरं लघु
Vrksamla (Garcinia fruits)
· is absorbent ,
· dry,
· hot in potency,
· mitigates vata and kapha
· and easily digestible
शम्या गुरूष्णं केशघ्नं रूक्षं
Samya (fruit of sami)
· is not easily digestible,
· hot in potency,
· destroys the hairs and
· causes dryness.
पीलु तु पित्तलम्
कफवातहरं भेदि प्लीहार्शः कृमिगुल्मनुत्
सतिक्तं स्वादु यत्पीलु नात्युष्णं तत्रिदोषजित्
Pilu
· increases pitta,
· mitigates kapha and vata,
· is purgative,
· cures diseases of the spleen,
· haemorrhoids,
· worms,
· abdominal tumors;
a)that variety of pilu which has bitter- sweet taste
· is not very hot in potency
· and mitigates all three dosas
त्वक्तिक्तकटुका स्निग्धा मातुलुङ्गस्य वातजित्
बृंहणं मधुरं मांसं वातपित्तहरं गुरु
लघु तत्केसरं कासश्वासहिध्मामदात्ययान्
आस्यशोषानिलश्लेष्मविबन्धच्छर्द्यरोचकान्
गुल्मोदरार्शः शूलानि मन्दाग्नित्वं च नाशयेत्
a)The skin of matulunga (bigger variety of lemon)fruit
· is better, pungent and unctous,
· mitigates vata;
b)its fleshy part
· makes the body stout,
· is sweet in taste,
· mitigates vata and pitta
· and not easily digestible
c) its tendril
· is easily digestible
· cures cough,
· asthma,
· hiccup,
· alchoholic intoxication
· dryness of the mouth,
· disorders of vata and kapha,
· constipation,
· vomiting,
· loss of taste,
· abdominal tumor,
· enlargement of the abdomen,
· haemorrhoids, colic and dyspepsia
भल्लातकस्य तवङ्मांसंबृंहणं स्वादु शीतलम्
तदस्थ्यग्निसमं मेध्यं कफवातहरं परम्
Bhallataka (marking nut)
The outer rind and fleshy part of bhallataka fruit
· makes the body stout,
· sweet in taste,
· cold in potency;
· its seed is just like fire in properties,
· increases intelligence and
· effectively mitigates kapha and vata.
स्वाद्वम्ल शीतमुष्णं च द्विधा पालेवतं गुरु
रुच्यमत्यग्नि शमनम्
Palevata fruit
a)of sweet taste is cold in potency,
b)while that of sour taste is hot,
· both are hard to digest,
· improve taste and
· cure diseases due to excess digestive activity.
रुच्यं मधुरमारुकम्
पक्वमाशु जरां याति नात्युष्णगुरुदोषलम्
Aruka fruit
· improve taste and
· is sweet;
· ripe under goes digestion quickly,
· not very hot in potency,
· sometimes hard to digest
· and increases the dosas
द्राक्षापरूषकं चार्द्रमम्लं पित्तकफप्रदम्
गुरूष्णवीर्यं वातघ्नं सरं सकरमर्दकम्
Draksa (grapes) and parusaka and karamardaka, in their green state
· are sour,
· increase pitta and kapha,
· hard to digest,
· hot in potency,
· mitigate vata and
· laxative.
तथा अम्लं कोलकर्कन्धुलकुचाम्रातकारुकम्
ऐरावतं दन्तशढं सतूदं मृगलिण्डिकम्
नातिपित्तकरं पक्वं शुष्कं च करमर्दकम्
1. Kola,
2. karkandhu,
3. lakuca,
4. amrataka,
5. aruka,
6. airavata,
7. dantasatha,
8. satuda,
9. mrigalindika
- all are sour and do not aggravate pitta greatly;
So also, karamardaka fruit ripened and dried
· does not cause great increase of pitta (causes mild increase).
दीपनं भेदनं शुष्कमम्लीकाकोलयोः फलम्
तृष्णाश्रमक्लमच्छेदि लघ्विष्टं कफवातयोः
Fruits of amlika and kola
· improve digestion,
· cause purgation,
· cures thirst, fatigue, exhaustion;
· are easily digestible and
· mitigates kapha and vata.
फलानामवरं तत्र लकुचं सर्वदोषकृत्
इति फलवर्गः
· Lakuca phala is least among all the fruits and
· increases all the above the dosas.
Thus ends the group of fruits.
VARJYA (QUALITIES OF FOOD ARTICLES THAT ARE WORTH REJECTING):-
हिमानलोष्णदुर्वाताव्याललालादिदूषितम्
जन्तुजुष्टं जले मग्नमभूमिजमनार्तवम्
अन्यधान्ययुतं हीनवीर्यं जीर्णतया अति च
धान्यं त्येजेत्तथा शाकं रूक्षसिद्धमकोमलम्
असञ्जातरसं तद्वच्छुष्कं चान्यत्र मूलकात्
प्रायेण फलमप्येवं तथा आमं बिल्ववर्जितम्
Grains which have been spoiled
· by forest,
· heavy breeze,
· hot sunlight,
· polluted air ,
· and saliva of snake and other reptiles;
· which are infested with worms,
· which have remained under water for long time,
· not grown in the field meant for it (in fields meant for other kinds of grain) ,
· which are unseasonal,
· mixed with other grains, and
· which have lost their properties having become very old
- should be rejected.
Similarly also with the vegetables,
· the dishes prepared from them without addition of material (oil or ghee),
· which are very hard even after cooking,
- should be avoided.
· Tender vegetables which have not developed their normal taste
· and which have become dry
should not be used except amabilwa (unripe bael fruit)
AUSADHA VARGA (GROUP OF MEDICINAL HERBS)
SALTS:
अथौषध वर्गः
विष्यन्दि लवणं सर्वं सूक्ष्मं स्रुष्टमलं मृदु
वातघ्नं पाकी तीक्ष्णोष्णं रोचनं कफपित्तकृत्
All types of salts are
1. vishyandi (produce more secretions in the tissues)
2. suksma (enter into minute pores)
3. help soft/easy movement of faeces,
4. mitigate vata,
5. help digestion,
6. are penetrating ,
7. aggravate kapha and pitta.
Among them,
SAINDHAVA SALT (ROCK SALT)
सैधवं तत्र सस्वादु वृष्यं हृदयं त्रिदोषनुत्
लघ्वनुष्णं दृशः पथ्यमविदाह्यग्निदीपनम्
· is slightly sweet,
· aphrodisiac,
· good for the heart (or mind),
· mitigates all the three doshas,
· easily digestible
· not hot in potency,
· good for health,
· does not cause burning digestion and kindles digestion
Sauvarcala(sochal salt)
लघु सौवर्चलं हृदयं सुगन्ध्युद्गारशोधनम्
कटुपाकं विबन्धघ्नं दीपनीयं रुचिप्रदम्
· is easily digestible
· good for the heart (or mind) ,
· possesses good smell,
· purifies belching,
· pungent at the end of digestion ,
· relieves constipation,
· kindles digestion
· and gives taste.
Bida salt
ऊर्ध्वाधः कफवातानुलोमनं दीपनं बिडम्
विबन्धानाहविष्टम्भशूलगौरवनाशनम्
· produces both upward and downward movement of kapha and vata,
· kindles digestion,
· cures constipation, flatulence, obstruction, of flatus, colic and heaviness (of the abdomen).
Samudra (common salt)
विपाके स्वादु सामुद्रं गुरु श्लेष्म विवर्धनम्
· is sweet at the end of digestion,
· not easily digestible and
· aggravates kapha.
Aubdhida
सतिक्तकटुकक्षारं तीक्ष्णमुत्केदि चौद्भिदम्
· is slightly bitter, pungent and alkaline in taste,
· penetrates deep and
· increases the secretions.
Krisna lavana (black salt)
कृष्णे सौवर्चलगुणा लवणे गन्धवर्जिताः
· has properties similar to souvarcala except the smell.
Romaka
रोमकं लघु
· is easily digestible ;
Pamsuttha
पांसूत्थं सक्षारं श्लेष्मलं गुरु
· is slightly alkaline,
· aggravates kapha and
· not easily digestible.
लवणानां प्रयोगे तु सैन्धवादि प्रयोजयेत्
Whenever lavanas (salt) are to be used (for medicinal recipes)
· they should be prepared commencing with saindhava.
YAVAKSHARA - (KSHARA PREPARED FROM BARLEY)
गुल्महृग्रहणीपाण्डुप्लीहानाहगलामयान्
श्वासार्शः कफकासांश्च शमयेद्यवशूकजाः
· mitigates abdominal tumors,
· diseases of the heart,
· duodenal disease,
· anaemia,
· splenic disorders,
· distension of the abdomen,
· diseases of the throat,
· asthma,
· haemorrhoids and
· cough arising from kapha.
KSHARA -
क्षार: सर्वश्च परमं तीक्ष्णोष्ण: कृमिजिल्लघु:
पित्तासृग् दूषण: पाकी छेद्य हृद्यो विदारण:
अपथ्य: कटुलावण्यात् शुक्रौज: केशचक्षुषाम्
All ksharas are very
· Teekshna – penetrating ;
· ushna – very hot in potency,
· krumijit – destroy worms
· Laghu – easily digestible
· Pitta Asruk dushana – vitiate pitta and blood
· Paki – helps in digestion,
· causes healing of wounds
· Chedya - help break up hard masses,
· ahrudya not good for the heart,
· punctures the tissues;
· being pungent and salty in taste are not good to semen, ojas (essence of the tissues ), hairs and eye (vision)
HINGU (ASA FOETIDA)
हिङ्गु वातकफानाहशूलघ्नं पित्त कोपनम्
कटुपाकरसं रुच्यं दीपनं पाचनं लघु
Hingu (asa foetida)
· mitigates vata, kapha,
· cures distension of the abdomen and colic,
· aggravates pitta,
· pungent in taste and at the end of digestion,
· enhances taste, hunger, digestion and
· is easily digestible.
HARITAKI -
कषाया मधुरा पाके रूक्षा विलवणा लघुः
दीपनी पाचनी मेध्या वयसः स्थापनी परम्
उष्णवीर्या सरा आयुष्या बुद्धीन्द्रियबलप्रदा
कुष्ठवैवर्ण्यवैस्वर्यपुराणविषमज्वरान्
शिरो अक्षिपाण्डुहृद्रोगकामलाग्रहणीगदान्
सशोषशोफातीसारमेदमोहवमिक्रिमीन्
श्वासकासप्रसेकार्शः प्लीहानाहगरोदरम्
विबन्धं स्रोतसां गुल्ममूरुस्तम्भमरोचकम्
हरीतकी जयेत् व्याधिंस्तांस्तांश्च कफवातजान्
Haritaki
· is astringent,
· sweet at the end of digestion,
· dry (causes dryness)
· devoid of lavana (possesses the remaining five tastes)
· easily digestable,
· kindles hunger,
· helps digestion,
· improves intelligence,
· best to maintain youth ,
· hot in potency,
· laxative,
· bestows long life,
· strengthens the mind and the sense organs,
· cures leprosy (and other skin diseases)
· discolouration,
· disorders of voice,
· chronic intermittent fevers,
· diseases of the head, and eyes,
· anaemia,
· heart disease,
· jaundice,
· disease of the duodenum,
· consumption,
· dropsy,
· diarrhoea,
· obesity,
· fainting,
· vomiting,
· worms (intestinal parasites),
· dyspnoea,
· cough,
· excess salivation,
· haemorrhoids,
· disease of the spleen,
· distention of the abdomen,
· enlargement of the abdomen,
· obstruction of channels,
· abdominal tumors,
· stiffness of the thing,
· loss of taste (anorexia) and
· many other disease arising from (aggravation of ) kapha and vata.
तद्वदामलकं शीतमम्लं पित्तकफापहम्
Similarly so is amalaka in all other properties it is
· cold In potency, and
· mitigates pitta and kapha.
कटु पाके हिमं केश्यमक्षमीषश्च तद्गुणम्
Aksha (vibhitaka) is
· pungent at the end of digestion,
· cold in potency,
· good for hairs and
· possesses properties similar (to haritaki and amalaka )
· but slightly less (in degree).
TRIPHALA BENEFITS:
इयं रसायनवरा त्रिफला अक्ष्यामयापहा
रोपणी त्वग्गद क्लेदमेदोमेहकफास्रजित्
Thus, the Triphala(haritaki, amalaki and vibhitaki), together
· is a best rejuvenator of the body,
· cures diseases of the eyes,
· heals wounds and
· cures skin diseases,
· excess moisture of the tissues,
· obesity,
· diabetes,
· aggravation of kapha and Asra (blood)
TRIJATA AND CHATURJATA
सकेसरं चतुर्जातं त्वक्पत्रैलं त्रिजतकम्
पित्तप्रकोपि तीक्ष्णोष्णं रूक्षं रोचनदीपनम्
a)Twak – (Cinnamon),
b) patra (Cinnamon leaf) and
c) Ela – (Cardamom) together are known as Trijatakaand
these along with
d) kesara from the chaturjata.
They cause aggravation of pitta, are penetrating, hot in potency, cause dryness, improve taste and hunger.
MARICHA (PEPPER)
रसे पाके च कटुकं कफघ्नं मरिचं लघु
Black pepper
· is pungent both in taste
· and at the end of digestion,
· mitigates kapha
· and is easily digestable.
PIPPALI (LONG PEPPER)
श्लेष्मला स्वीदुशीत आर्द्रा गुर्वी स्निग्ध्ना च पिप्पली
सा शुष्का विपरीता अतः स्निग्धा वृष्या रसे कटुः
स्वादुपाका अनिलश्लेष्मश्वासकासापहा सरा
न तामत्युपयुञ्जीत रसायनविधिं विना
Long pepper, in its green state
· aggravates kapha,
· is sweet in taste and
· cold in potency,
· not easily digestible and
· is unctous.
The same, when dry, becomes opposite -
· aphrodisiac,
· pungent in taste,
· sweet at the end of digestion,
· mitigates Vata and Kapha,
· Useful in asthma,
· cough;
· is laxative.
Long pepper
· should not be used in excess,
· for long period,
· without following the regimen of rejuvenation therapy.
GINGER BENEFITS:
नागरं दीपनं वृष्यं ग्राहि हृद्यं विबन्धनुत्
रुच्यं लघु स्वादुपाकं स्निग्धोष्णं कफवातजित्
Nagara – (ginger),
· increases hunger,
· is aphrodisiac,
· water absorbent,
· good for the heart (or the mind),
· relives constipation,
· bestows taste,
· easily digestible,
· sweet at the end of digestion,
· unctuous,
· hot in potency and
· mitigates kapha and vata.
तद्वदार्द्रकमेतच्च त्रयं त्रिकटुकं जयेत्
स्थौल्याग्निसदनश्वासकासश्लीपदपीनसान्
Similar is ardraka (fresh ginger, green);
Trikatu–
a)Pepper,
b)long pepper and
c)ginger
– together known as trikatu,
· useful in obesity,
· Asthma,
· dyspepsia,
· cough,
· filariasis and
· chronic nasal catarrh.
चविकापिप्पलीमूलं मरिचाल्पान्तरं गुणैः
· Chavaika (Piper chaba) and pippalimula (long pepper root) possess qualities and properties similar to Marica (black pepper) but in lesser degree.
चित्रको अग्नि समः पाके शोफार्शः कृमिकुष्ठहा
· Chitraka (leadwort) is similar to fire in digesting thing and cures dropsy, haemorrhoids, worms and leprosy (and othe skin diseases).
panchakolaka
पञ्चकोलकमेतच्च मरिचेन विना स्मृतम्
गुल्मप्लीहोदरानाहशूलघ्नं दीपनं परम्
The above, excluding marica, (pippali, pippalimula, cavya, citraka and nagara) is known as panchakolaka, It cures abdominal tumors, disease of the sleen, enlargement of the abdomen, distension and colic, and is best to improve hunger and digestion.
Mahat panchamula
बिल्वकाश्मर्यतर्कारीपाटलाटिण्टुकैर्महत्
जयेत्कषायतिक्तोष्णं पञ्चमूलं कफानिलौ
Bilwa, kasarya, tarari, patala and tintuka are together known as Mahat panchamula. It is astringent and bitter in taste, hot in potency and mitigate kapha and anila (vata )
HRASVA PANCHAMULA (LAGHU PANCHAMOOLA).
ह्रस्वं बृहत्यंशुमतीद्वयगोक्षुरकैः स्मृतम्
स्वादुपाकरसं नातिशीतोष्णं सर्वदोशजित्
· Brihatidwaya (brihati and kantakari),
· amsumatidwaya (saliparni and prsniparni)
· and goksuraka- together are known as hrasva panchamula (Laghu panchamoola).
a)It is sweet in taste and at the end of digestion,
b) neither very hot nor very cold in potency and
c) mitigates all the dosas.
The above two – laghu and mahat panchamoola constitute Dashamoola
MADHYAMA PANCAMULA.
बलापुनर्नवैरण्डशूपपर्णीद्वयेन तु
मध्यमं कफवातघ्नं नातिपित्तकरं सरम्
1. Bala,
2. punarnava,
3. eranda,
4. surpaparni dvaya (masaparni and mundgaparni) together from the madhyama pancamula.
· It mitigates kapha and vata,
· does not greatly aggravate pitta
· and is laxative.
JIVANA PANCAMULA.
अभीरुवीराजीवन्तीजीवकर्षभकैः स्मृतम्
जीवनाख्यं तु चक्षुष्यं वृष्यं पित्तानिलापहम्
1. Abhiru – Asparagus racemosus ,
2. vira,
3. jivanti,
4. jivaka and
5. rsabhaka
together from the jivana pancamula.
a)It is good for the eye,
b)Aphrodisiac and
c) mitigates pitta and anila (vata)
TRNAKHYA (TRNA PANCAMULA)
तृणाख्यं पित्तजिद्दर्भकासेक्षुशरशालिभिः
इत्यौषधवर्गः
Trnakhya (trna pancamula) consisting of
1. darbha,
2. kasa ,
3. iksu,
4. sara
5. sali,
· mitigates pitta.
शूकशिम्भीजपक्वान्नमांसशाकफलौषधैः
वर्गितैरन्नलेशोअयमुक्तो नित्योपयोगिकः
SHAKA VARGA :- (GROUP OF LEAFY VEGETABLES)
अथ शाकवर्गः
शाकं पाठाशठीसूषासुनिषण्णसतीनजम्
त्रिदोषघ्नं लघु ग्राहि सराजक्षववास्तुकम्
सुनिषण्णो अग्निकृद्वृष्यस्तेषु राजक्षवः परम्
ग्रह्ण्यर्शोविकारघ्नः वर्चोभेदि तु वास्तुकम्
Patha (Cissampelos pareira), shati (Hedychium spicatum), susha, sunishanna, satinaja in general,
· mitigates all the three doshas, are easily digestible and grahi (absorbent); Sunishannaincreases hunger and is aphrodisiac;
Rajakshava is still better and cures duodenal diseases, haemorrhoids;
vastuka breaks up the hard faeces.
हन्ति दोषत्रयं कुष्ठ वृष्या सोष्णा रसायनी
काकमाची सरा स्वर्या चार्ङ्गेर्यम्ला अग्निदीपनी
ग्रह्ण्यर्शो अनिलश्लेष्महितोष्णा ग्राहिणी लघुः
- Kakamachi (Solanum nigrum) mitigates the three doshas, useful in skin diseases, is aphrodisiac, hot in potency, rejuvenator, causes easy movement of faeces, and is good for voice.
- Changeri (Oxalis corniculata) is sour taste, kindles digestion, good for duodenal diseases, haemorrhoids and for increased vata and kapha; hot in potency, withholds elimination of fluids and is easily digestible.
पटोलसप्तलारिष्टशार्ङ्गेष्टावल्गुजा अमृताः
वेत्राग्रबृहतीवासाकुतिलीतिलपर्णिकाः
मण्डूकपर्णीकर्कोटकारवेल्लकपर्पटाः
नाडीकलायगोजिह्वावार्ताकं वनतिक्तकम्
करीरं कुल्कं नन्दी कुचैला शुकलादनी
कटिल्लं केम्बुकं शीतं सकोशातककर्कशम्
तिक्तं पाके कटु ग्राहि वातलं कफपित्तजित्
- Patola,
- saptala,
- arista (neem leaves),
- sharngeshta (angaravalli/bharangi),
- Avalguja (Bakuchi),
- amruta (Tinospora),
- Vetra (shoot of vetra),
- Brhati (Solanum indicum),
- vasa (Adhatoda vasica),
- kutill,
- tilaparnika (badraka),
- mandukaparni (Gotu kola),
- Karkota,
- karavella (bitter gourd).
- Parpata,
- nadikalaya,
- gojihwa (godhumi);
- vartaka (brhati),
- vanatiktaka (vatsaka/kutaja),
- karira,
- kulaka (kupila),
- nandi (jaya),
- kucaila,
- sakuladani (mesasrngi),
- katilla (raktapunarnava),
- kebuka (kembuka),
- kosataka,
- and karkasa (kampilla)
· all these are
- cold in potency,
- bitter in taste,
- pungent at the end of digestion,
- with hold the movement of fluids,
- increase vata and
- mitigate kapha and pitta.
हृद्यं पटोलं कृमिनुत् सवादुपाकं रुचिप्रदम्
Patola is good for the heart (or the mind), useful in worms, sweet at the end of digestion and gives taste.
पित्तलं दीपनं भेदि वातघ्नं बृहतीद्वयम्
The two Brihatis (Brihati and Kantakari) increases pitta, promote hunger, breaks the hard faeces.
वृषं तु वमिकासघ्नं रक्तपित्तहरं परम्
Vrusha (Vasa) cures vomiting, cough and specially so the haemorragic disease.
कारवेल्लं सकटुकं दीपनं कफजित्परम्
Karavella (bitter gourd)is better in taste , kindles digestion and mitigates kapha and pitta especially.
Brinjal benefits:
वार्ताकं कटु तिक्तोष्णं मधुरं कफवातजित्
सक्षारं अग्निजननं हृद्यं रुच्यं अपित्तलम्
Brinjal is pungent, bitter, hot in potency, sweet, mitigates kapha and vata, is slightly alkaline, kindles digestion improves taste and does not aggravate pitta
करीरमाध्मानकरं कषायं स्वादु तिक्तकम्
Karira produces distention of the abdomen, is astringent, sweet and bitter in taste,
कोशाताकावल्गुजकौभेदिनावग्निदीपनौ
Kosataki and avalguja break the hard faeces and kindle digestion
तण्डुलीयो हिमो रूक्षः स्वादुपाकरसो लघुः
मदपित्तविषास्रघ्नः मुञ्जातं वातपित्तजित्
स्निग्धं शीतं गुरु स्वादु बृंहणं शुक्रकृत्परं
- Tanduliya is cold in potency, dry, sweet in taste and also at the end of digestion and easily digestible, cures intoxication, pitta, poison and discovers of bold;
- Munjata mitigates vata and pitta, is unctuous, cold in potency, hard to digest, sweet, makes the body stout and increases semen.
गुर्वी सारा तु पालङ्क्या मदघ्नी चाप्युपोदका
पालङ्क्यावत्स्मृतश्चञ्चुः स तु सङ्ग्रहणात्मकः
- Palankya is hard to digest, and laxative.
- Upodika (spinach) relieves intoxication; chanchu is similar to palankya and withholds elimination of fluids.
विदारी वातपित्तघ्नी मूत्रला स्वादुशीतला
जीवनी बृंहणी कण्ठ्या गुर्वी वृष्या रसायनम्
चक्षुष्या सर्वदोषघ्नी जीवन्ती मधुरा हिमा
- Vidari mitigates vata and pitta, is diuretic, sweet in taste, and cold in potency, prolongs life (by giving strength), makes the body stout, good for the throat, hard to digest, aphrodisiac and rejuvenator.
- Jivanti
· is good for the eyes, mitigates all the dosas, is sweet in taste and cold in potency.
कूष्माण्डतुम्बकालिङ्गकर्कार्वेर्वारुतिण्डिशम्
तथा त्रपुसचीनाकचिर्भटं कफवातकृत्
भेदि विष्टम्भ्यभिष्यन्दि स्वादुपाकरसं गुरु
Kusmanda (ash gourd), Tumba (alabu), Kalinga, karkaru, evaru, tindisa, trapusa, cinaka, cirbhata
—all cause increase of kapha and vata, breaks the hard faeces, stays long without digestion inside the stomach, causes more secretion in the tissues, sweet in taste and at the end of digestion and not easily digestible.
ASH GOURD BENEFITS
वल्लीफलानां प्रवरं कूष्माण्डं वातपित्तजित् बस्तिशुद्धिकरं वृष्यं त्रपुसं त्वतिमूत्रलम्
- Ash gourd is best among the creepers, mitigates vata and pitta cleanses the urinary bladder, and aphrodisiac.
- Trapusacauses more urination (diuretic).
तुम्बं रूक्षतरं ग्राहि कालिङ्गैर्वारुचिर्भटम्
बालं पित्तहरं शीतं विद्यात्पक्वमतो अन्यथा
शीर्णवृन्तं तु सक्षारं पित्तलं कफवातजित्
रोचनं दीपनं हृद्यमष्ठीला आनाहनुल्लघु
Tumba (alabu) is very dry (causes dryness), absorbent ;
kalinga, ervaru and cirbhita
a)when tender mitigate pitta and are cold in potency,
b)but when ripe are opposite in qualities,
c) these which are overripe and separated from its attachment, will be alkaline in taste, increase pitta, mitigate kapha, and vata, improves taste and appetite, good for the heart, cures enlargement of the prostate, distention of abdomen and easily digestible.
मृणालबिसशालूककुमुदोत्पलकन्दुकम्
नन्दीमाषककेलूटशृङ्गाटककसेरुकम्
क्रौञ्जादनं कलोड्यं च रूक्षं ग्राहि हिमं गुरु
Mrinala (lotus stalk), bias (lotus root), saluki (lotus tuber), kumuda (utpala kanda), nandi, mashaka, keluta,srngataka, kaseruka, kranucadana and kalodya
· are dry (cause dryness). Water absorbent, cold in potency and hot easily digestible.
कलम्बनालिकामार्षकुटिञ्जरकुतुम्बकम्
चिल्लीलट्वाकलोणीकाकुरुटकवेधुकम्
जीवन्तझुञ्ज्वेडकजयवशाकसुर्वर्चलाः
आलुकानि च सर्वाणि तथा सूप्यानि लक्षणम्
स्वादु रूक्षं सलवणं वातश्लेष्मकरं गुरु
शीतलम् सृष्टविण्मूत्रं प्रायो विष्टभ्य जीर्यति
स्विन्नं निष्पीडितरसं स्नेहाढ्यं नातिदोषलम्
Kalamba, Nalika – (kapotacarana), marsa, kutinjara, kutumbaka, cilli (vastuka), latvaka, lonika, karutaka, gavedhuka, jivanta, jhun jhu, edagaja, yavasaka (yavanisaka), suvarchala and aluka of different kinds,
· leaves of legumes used for soup and of laksmana are all sweet, slightly dry, salty, increases vata and kapha, not easily digestible cold in potency, help elimination of urine and faeces, stay long in the stomach for digestion; if cooked in steam, juice taken out and mixed with oils, they will not cause much aggravation of the dosas
लघु पत्रा तु या चिल्लीसा वास्तुकसमा मता
Cilli , which has small leaves is similar (in property) with vastuka.
तर्कारीवरुणं स्वादु सतिक्तं कफवातजित्
वर्षाभ्वौ कालशाकं च सक्षारं कटुतिक्तकम्
दीपनं भेदनं हन्ति गरशोफकफानिलान्
- Tarkari and varuna are sweet and slightly better and mitigate kapha and vata.
- The two kinds of varsabhu and kalasaka are slightly alkaline, pungent and bitter, improve digestion, break the hard faeces and cure artificial poisoning,dropsy, kapha and vata.
दीपनाः कफवातघ्नाश्चिरिविल्वाङ्कुराः सराः
शतावर्यङ्कुरस्तिक्ता वृष्या दोषत्रयापहाः
- The tender sprouts of cirabilva increase appetite, mitigate kapha and vata and cause movement of bowels;
- sprouts of satavari are bitter, aphrodisiac and mitigate the three dosas
रूक्षो वंशकरीरस्तु विदाही वातपित्तलः
Vamsakarira (tender shoots of bamboo) causes dryness inside, heartburn and increase of vata and pitta.
पत्तूरो दीपनस्तिक्तः प्लीहार्शः कफवातजित्
Pattura kindles digestion, is bitter, cures enlargement of spleen, haemorrhoids and mitigates kapha and vata.
कृमिकासकफोत्क्लेदान् कासमर्दो जयेत्सरः
Kasamarda cures disease caused by worms, cough and increase of kapha and moves the bowels.
रूक्षोष्णमम्लं कौसुम्भं गुरु पित्तकरं सरम्
Kousumbha is dry, hot in potency, sour, hard to digest increase pitta and makes the bowels to move.
गुरूष्णं सार्षपं बद्धविण्मूत्रं सर्वदोषकृत्
· Sarsapa (mustard) is not easily digestible, hot in potency, binds the faeces and urine and causes increase of all the dosas.
· Mulaka (radish), when tender and not having definite taste, is slightly alkaline and bitter, mitigates the dosas, easily digestible hot in potency, and cures abdominal tumours, cough, asthma, ulcers, disease of he eye and throat, horseness of voice, asthma, upward movement inside the abdomen (reverse peristalsis) and chronic nasal catarrh.
RADISH BENEFITS:
यद्बालं अव्यक्तरसं किञ्जित् क्षारं सतिक्तकम्
तन्मूलकं दोषहरं लघु सोष्णं नियच्छति
गुल्मकासक्षयश्वासव्रणनेत्रगलामयान्
स्वराग्निसादोदावर्तपीनसांश्च
महत्पुनः
रसे पाके च कटुकमुष्णवीर्यं त्रिदोषकृत्
गुर्वभिष्यन्दि च स्निग्धसिद्धं तदपि वातजित्
वातश्लेष्महरं शुष्कं सर्वम् आमं तु दोषलम्
· Radish that is tender, and not having definite taste, is slightly alkaline and bitter, balances Doshas, easy to digest, hot in potency and cures abdominal tumors, cough, respiratory conditions, ulcers, diseases of eye and throat, hoarseness of voice, bloating, and rhinitis. Radish, big in size is hard to digest, pungent in taste and at the end of digestion, not in potency, increases all the three doshas, hard to digest and is abhishynadi (indigestion plus sticky to the gut).
· When cooked with fats it mitigates vata; the dried one causes increase of the dosha.
कटूष्णो वातकफहा पिण्डालुः पित्तवर्धनः
Pindalu is pungent, hot in potency, mitigates vata and kapha but increase pitta.
कुठेरशिग्रुसुरससुमुखासुरिभूस्तृणम्
फणिजार्ज्जकजम्भीरप्रभृति ग्राहि शालनम्
विदाहि कटु रूक्षोष्णं हृदयं दीपनरोचनम्
दृकशुक्रकृमिह्रुत्तीक्ष्णं दोषोत्क्लेशकरं लघु
· Kuthera, sigru (drum stick), surasa, sumuka, asuri, bhutrna, phanijjia, arjaka, jambira, etc. when green are water absorbent, cause burning sensation during digestion, pungent, cause dryness, hot in potency, good for the heart (or the mind), kindles hunger and taste, destroy vision, semen and worms (intestinal parasites), penetrates deep, cause slight increase of the dosas and are easily digestible
HOLY BASIL BENEFITS
हिध्माकासविषश्वासपार्श्वरुक्पूतिगन्धहा
सुरस: सुमुखो नातिविदाही गरशोफहा
Surasa (Tulasi – Holy Basil) cures hiccup, cough, poison, asthma, pain in the flanks and bad breath.
Sumukha does not cause much burning sensation, cures artifial (homicidal) poison and dropsy.
आर्द्रिका तिक्तमधुरा मूत्रला न च पित्तकृत्
Ardrika (coriander)
· is bitter and sweet in taste,
· diuretic and
· does not increase pitta.
GARLIC BENEFITS:
लशुनो भृशतीक्ष्णोष्णः कटुपाकरसः सरः
हृद्यः केश्यो गुरुर्वृष्यः स्निग्धो रोचनदीपनः
भग्नासन्धानकृद्बल्यो रक्तपित्तप्रदूषणः
किलासकुष्ठगुल्मार्शोमेहक्रिमिकफानिलान्
सहिध्मापीनसश्वासकासान् हन्ति रसायनम्
Lasuna (garlic)
· is highly penetrating (deep into the tissues),
· hot in potency,
· pungent in taste, and at the end of digestion,
· makes the bowles to move,
· good for the heart (or the mind), and hairs;
· hard to digest,
· aphrodisiac,
· unctuous,
· improves taste and digestion,
· helps union of features,
· gives strength,
· greatly vitiates the blood and pitta,
· cures leucoderma, skin diseases, .
· abdominal tumours,
· haemorrhoids,
· diabetes,
· worms,
· diseases caused by kapha and vata,
· hiccup,
· chronic nasal catarrh ,
· asthma and cough.
· It is a rejuvenator of the body.
पलाण्डुस्ताद्गुणन्यूनः श्लेष्मलो नातिपित्तलः
Palandu (onion)
· is inferior in the above qualities,
· increases of pitta.
कफवातार्शसां पथ्यः स्वेदे अभ्यवहतौ तथा
तीक्ष्णो गुञ्जनको ग्राहि पित्तिनां हितकृन्न सः
Grinjanaka (carrot)
· is best suitable to persons suffering from haemorrhoids of kapha Vata origin ,
· for fomenting (the pile masses) and eating;
· it is penetrating, water absorbent and not suitable to those who have pitta predominance.
दीपनः सूरणो रुचयः कफघ्नो विशदो लघुः विशेषादर्शसां पथ्यः भूकन्दस्त्वतिदोषलः
Surana (Yam)
· kindles digestion,
· improves taste,
· mitigates kapha
· is non-unctous,
· easily digestible and
· especially good for haemorrhoids;
· bhukanda causes increase of all the dosas to a great extent .
पत्रे पुष्पे फले नाले कन्दे च गुरुता क्रमात्
बस शाकेषु जीवन्ती सार्षपं त्ववरं परम्
इति शाकवर्गः
· Leaves, flowers, fruits (unripe), tubular leaves and tubers are heavy (not easily digestible in their successive order;
· jivanti is the best and sarshapa (mustard) is the worst among the leafy vegetables.
Thus ends the group of vegetables.
Notes: - Different kinds of vegetables have been described in these verses, some of them are recognizable now while some others are not, some of them were in use in olden days but not so now-a-days, many are available only in forests and fields while some others are cultivated.
PHALA VARGA- (GROUP OF FRUITS):-
Grapes benefits:
अथ फलवर्गः
द्राक्षा फलोत्तमा वृष्या चक्षुष्या सृष्टमूत्रविट्
स्वादुपाकरसा स्निग्धा सकषाया हिमा गुरुः
निहन्त्यनिलपित्तास्रतिक्तास्यत्वमदात्ययान्
तृष्णकासश्रमश्वासस्वरभेदक्षतक्षयान्
· Draksa (grapes) is best among fruits,
· is aphrodisiac,
· good for the eyes,
· helps elimination of urine and faeces,
· sweet in taste and the end of digestion,
· unctous,
· slightly astringent,
· cold potency,
· hard to digest,
· cures diseases of vata, pitta and rakta;
· better taste in the mouth,
· intoxication,
· thirst,
· cough,
· fever,
· respiratory conditions,
· hoarseness,
· injury to the lungs
· and chronic respiratory diseases.
DADIMA – (POMEGRANATE )
उद्रिक्तपित्ताज्जयति त्रीन्दोषान् स्वादु दाडिमम्
पित्ताविरोधि नात्युष्णमम्लं वातकफापहम्
सर्वं हृदयं लघु स्निग्धं ग्राहि रोचन दीपनम्
· It mitigates the greatly increased pitta in particular and the other dosas also
· and is sweet;
· the sour variety is also not going to increase pitta,
· not very hot in potency and mitigates vata and kapha.
· All varieties of Pomegranate
a)are good to the heart,
b)easily digestible
c) unctuous ,
d) without elimination of fluids,
e) stimulate appetite and digestion.
मोचखर्जूरपनसनारिकेलपरूषकम्
आम्राततालकाश्मर्यराजादनमधूकजम्
सौवीरबदराङ्कोलफल्गुश्लेष्मातकोद्भवम्
वातामाभिशुकाक्षोडमुकूलकनिकोचकम्
उरुमाणं प्रियालं च बृंहणं गुरु शीतलम्
दाहक्षतक्षयहरं रक्तपित्तप्रसादनम्
स्वादुपाकरसं स्निग्धं विष्टम्भि कफशुक्रकृत्
a)Mocha (plantain),
b)kharjura (dates)
c) panasa (jack fruits)
d) narikela (cocoanut )
e) parusaka
f) amrataka ,
g) tala,
h) kasmarya,
i) rajadana,
j) madhuka,
k) badara,
l) ankola,
m) phalgu,
n) slesmataka,
o) vatama,
p)abhisuka,
q) aksoda,
r) mukulaka,
s) nikocaka,
t) urumanam, and
u) priyala
· make the body stout,
· not easily digestible
· cold in potency,
· relive burning sensation ,
· injury to the lungs,
· consumption,
· bleeding conditions,
· sweet in taste and
· also at the end of digestion,
· unctous,
· stay long in the stomach without digestion,
· increase kapha and semen.
फलं तु पित्तलं तालं सरं काश्मर्यजं हिमम्
शकृन्मूत्रविबन्धघ्नं केश्यं मेध्यं रसायनम्
Fruit of Tala – Borassus flabellifera
· increases pitta,
· moves the bowels.
Fruits of kasmarya
· is cold in potency,
· relieves the obstruction of faeces and urine,
· good for the hairs,
· increases intelligence and
· is a rejuvenator.
वातामाद्युष्णवीर्यं तु कफपित्तकरं सरम्
Vaataama etc.
· are hot in potency
· increase kapha and pitta,
· are laxative.
परम् वातहरं स्निग्धमनुष्णं तु प्रियालजम्
प्रियालमज्जा मधुरो वृष्यः पित्तानिलापहः
Priyala (Buchanania lanzan)
· mitigates vata effectively,
· is unctous,
· cold in potency;
· its marrow is sweet,
· aphrodisiac,
· mitigates pitta and vata,
कोलमज्जा गुणैस्तद्वत्तृट्छर्दिः कासजिच्च सः
Kola majja (fleshy part of the kola)
· is similar (in properties with priyala majja )
· relieves thirst, vomiting and cough.
पक्वं सुदुर्जरं विल्वं दोषलं पूतिमारुतम्
दीपनं कफवातघ्नं बालं, ग्राह्युमयं च तत्
Bilva phala (bael fruit)
a)when ripe
· is hard to digest,
· aggravates the doshas
· and causes flatus;
b) unripe fruit
· kindles digestion,
· mitigates vata and kapha;
c) both are water absorbant.
कपित्थमामं कण्ठघ्नं दोषलं, दोषघाति तु
पक्वं हिधमावमथुजित्, सर्वग्राहि विषापहम्
Amakapittha (unripe Kapittha)
· is bad to the throat,
· and increases the three doshas.
a)Ripe fruit
· mitigates the dosas,
· relieves hiccup and vomiting,
· both are water absorbent and antipoisonous .
जाम्भवं गुरु विष्टम्भि शीतलं भृशवातलम्
सङ्ग्राहि मूत्रशकृतोरकण्ठ्यं कफपित्तजित्
Jambava (Jamun fruit)
· is not easily digestible,
· stays long inside the stomach,
· cold in potency,
· causes aggravation of vata especially,
· absorbs moisture from urine and faeces,
· bad for throat and
· mitigates kapha and pitta
वातपित्तास्रकृद्बालं, बद्धास्थिकफपित्तकृत्
गुर्वाम्रं वातजित्पक्वं स्वाद्वम्लं कफशुक्रकृत्
Bala amra (tender unripe mango)
· increases Vata , Rakta (blood) and pitta;
a)when its seed is fully formed,
· it increases Kapha and Pitta;
b) when it is ripe
· it is not easily digestible,
· mitigates vata,
· increases kapha and semen.
वृक्षाम्लं ग्राहि रूक्षोष्णं वातश्लेष्महरं लघु
Vrksamla (Garcinia fruits)
· is absorbent ,
· dry,
· hot in potency,
· mitigates vata and kapha
· and easily digestible
शम्या गुरूष्णं केशघ्नं रूक्षं
Samya (fruit of sami)
· is not easily digestible,
· hot in potency,
· destroys the hairs and
· causes dryness.
पीलु तु पित्तलम्
कफवातहरं भेदि प्लीहार्शः कृमिगुल्मनुत्
सतिक्तं स्वादु यत्पीलु नात्युष्णं तत्रिदोषजित्
Pilu
· increases pitta,
· mitigates kapha and vata,
· is purgative,
· cures diseases of the spleen,
· haemorrhoids,
· worms,
· abdominal tumors;
a)that variety of pilu which has bitter- sweet taste
· is not very hot in potency
· and mitigates all three dosas
त्वक्तिक्तकटुका स्निग्धा मातुलुङ्गस्य वातजित्
बृंहणं मधुरं मांसं वातपित्तहरं गुरु
लघु तत्केसरं कासश्वासहिध्मामदात्ययान्
आस्यशोषानिलश्लेष्मविबन्धच्छर्द्यरोचकान्
गुल्मोदरार्शः शूलानि मन्दाग्नित्वं च नाशयेत्
a)The skin of matulunga (bigger variety of lemon)fruit
· is better, pungent and unctous,
· mitigates vata;
b)its fleshy part
· makes the body stout,
· is sweet in taste,
· mitigates vata and pitta
· and not easily digestible
c) its tendril
· is easily digestible
· cures cough,
· asthma,
· hiccup,
· alchoholic intoxication
· dryness of the mouth,
· disorders of vata and kapha,
· constipation,
· vomiting,
· loss of taste,
· abdominal tumor,
· enlargement of the abdomen,
· haemorrhoids, colic and dyspepsia
भल्लातकस्य तवङ्मांसंबृंहणं स्वादु शीतलम्
तदस्थ्यग्निसमं मेध्यं कफवातहरं परम्
Bhallataka (marking nut)
The outer rind and fleshy part of bhallataka fruit
· makes the body stout,
· sweet in taste,
· cold in potency;
· its seed is just like fire in properties,
· increases intelligence and
· effectively mitigates kapha and vata.
स्वाद्वम्ल शीतमुष्णं च द्विधा पालेवतं गुरु
रुच्यमत्यग्नि शमनम्
Palevata fruit
a)of sweet taste is cold in potency,
b)while that of sour taste is hot,
· both are hard to digest,
· improve taste and
· cure diseases due to excess digestive activity.
रुच्यं मधुरमारुकम्
पक्वमाशु जरां याति नात्युष्णगुरुदोषलम्
Aruka fruit
· improve taste and
· is sweet;
· ripe under goes digestion quickly,
· not very hot in potency,
· sometimes hard to digest
· and increases the dosas
द्राक्षापरूषकं चार्द्रमम्लं पित्तकफप्रदम्
गुरूष्णवीर्यं वातघ्नं सरं सकरमर्दकम्
Draksa (grapes) and parusaka and karamardaka, in their green state
· are sour,
· increase pitta and kapha,
· hard to digest,
· hot in potency,
· mitigate vata and
· laxative.
तथा अम्लं कोलकर्कन्धुलकुचाम्रातकारुकम्
ऐरावतं दन्तशढं सतूदं मृगलिण्डिकम्
नातिपित्तकरं पक्वं शुष्कं च करमर्दकम्
1. Kola,
2. karkandhu,
3. lakuca,
4. amrataka,
5. aruka,
6. airavata,
7. dantasatha,
8. satuda,
9. mrigalindika
- all are sour and do not aggravate pitta greatly;
So also, karamardaka fruit ripened and dried
· does not cause great increase of pitta (causes mild increase).
दीपनं भेदनं शुष्कमम्लीकाकोलयोः फलम्
तृष्णाश्रमक्लमच्छेदि लघ्विष्टं कफवातयोः
Fruits of amlika and kola
· improve digestion,
· cause purgation,
· cures thirst, fatigue, exhaustion;
· are easily digestible and
· mitigates kapha and vata.
फलानामवरं तत्र लकुचं सर्वदोषकृत्
इति फलवर्गः
· Lakuca phala is least among all the fruits and
· increases all the above the dosas.
Thus ends the group of fruits.
VARJYA (QUALITIES OF FOOD ARTICLES THAT ARE WORTH REJECTING):-
हिमानलोष्णदुर्वाताव्याललालादिदूषितम्
जन्तुजुष्टं जले मग्नमभूमिजमनार्तवम्
अन्यधान्ययुतं हीनवीर्यं जीर्णतया अति च
धान्यं त्येजेत्तथा शाकं रूक्षसिद्धमकोमलम्
असञ्जातरसं तद्वच्छुष्कं चान्यत्र मूलकात्
प्रायेण फलमप्येवं तथा आमं बिल्ववर्जितम्
Grains which have been spoiled
· by forest,
· heavy breeze,
· hot sunlight,
· polluted air ,
· and saliva of snake and other reptiles;
· which are infested with worms,
· which have remained under water for long time,
· not grown in the field meant for it (in fields meant for other kinds of grain) ,
· which are unseasonal,
· mixed with other grains, and
· which have lost their properties having become very old
- should be rejected.
Similarly also with the vegetables,
· the dishes prepared from them without addition of material (oil or ghee),
· which are very hard even after cooking,
- should be avoided.
· Tender vegetables which have not developed their normal taste
· and which have become dry
should not be used except amabilwa (unripe bael fruit)
AUSADHA VARGA (GROUP OF MEDICINAL HERBS)
SALTS:
अथौषध वर्गः
विष्यन्दि लवणं सर्वं सूक्ष्मं स्रुष्टमलं मृदु
वातघ्नं पाकी तीक्ष्णोष्णं रोचनं कफपित्तकृत्
All types of salts are
1. vishyandi (produce more secretions in the tissues)
2. suksma (enter into minute pores)
3. help soft/easy movement of faeces,
4. mitigate vata,
5. help digestion,
6. are penetrating ,
7. aggravate kapha and pitta.
Among them,
SAINDHAVA SALT (ROCK SALT)
सैधवं तत्र सस्वादु वृष्यं हृदयं त्रिदोषनुत्
लघ्वनुष्णं दृशः पथ्यमविदाह्यग्निदीपनम्
· is slightly sweet,
· aphrodisiac,
· good for the heart (or mind),
· mitigates all the three doshas,
· easily digestible
· not hot in potency,
· good for health,
· does not cause burning digestion and kindles digestion
Sauvarcala(sochal salt)
लघु सौवर्चलं हृदयं सुगन्ध्युद्गारशोधनम्
कटुपाकं विबन्धघ्नं दीपनीयं रुचिप्रदम्
· is easily digestible
· good for the heart (or mind) ,
· possesses good smell,
· purifies belching,
· pungent at the end of digestion ,
· relieves constipation,
· kindles digestion
· and gives taste.
Bida salt
ऊर्ध्वाधः कफवातानुलोमनं दीपनं बिडम्
विबन्धानाहविष्टम्भशूलगौरवनाशनम्
· produces both upward and downward movement of kapha and vata,
· kindles digestion,
· cures constipation, flatulence, obstruction, of flatus, colic and heaviness (of the abdomen).
Samudra (common salt)
विपाके स्वादु सामुद्रं गुरु श्लेष्म विवर्धनम्
· is sweet at the end of digestion,
· not easily digestible and
· aggravates kapha.
Aubdhida
सतिक्तकटुकक्षारं तीक्ष्णमुत्केदि चौद्भिदम्
· is slightly bitter, pungent and alkaline in taste,
· penetrates deep and
· increases the secretions.
Krisna lavana (black salt)
कृष्णे सौवर्चलगुणा लवणे गन्धवर्जिताः
· has properties similar to souvarcala except the smell.
Romaka
रोमकं लघु
· is easily digestible ;
Pamsuttha
पांसूत्थं सक्षारं श्लेष्मलं गुरु
· is slightly alkaline,
· aggravates kapha and
· not easily digestible.
लवणानां प्रयोगे तु सैन्धवादि प्रयोजयेत्
Whenever lavanas (salt) are to be used (for medicinal recipes)
· they should be prepared commencing with saindhava.
YAVAKSHARA - (KSHARA PREPARED FROM BARLEY)
गुल्महृग्रहणीपाण्डुप्लीहानाहगलामयान्
श्वासार्शः कफकासांश्च शमयेद्यवशूकजाः
· mitigates abdominal tumors,
· diseases of the heart,
· duodenal disease,
· anaemia,
· splenic disorders,
· distension of the abdomen,
· diseases of the throat,
· asthma,
· haemorrhoids and
· cough arising from kapha.
KSHARA -
क्षार: सर्वश्च परमं तीक्ष्णोष्ण: कृमिजिल्लघु:
पित्तासृग् दूषण: पाकी छेद्य हृद्यो विदारण:
अपथ्य: कटुलावण्यात् शुक्रौज: केशचक्षुषाम्
All ksharas are very
· Teekshna – penetrating ;
· ushna – very hot in potency,
· krumijit – destroy worms
· Laghu – easily digestible
· Pitta Asruk dushana – vitiate pitta and blood
· Paki – helps in digestion,
· causes healing of wounds
· Chedya - help break up hard masses,
· ahrudya not good for the heart,
· punctures the tissues;
· being pungent and salty in taste are not good to semen, ojas (essence of the tissues ), hairs and eye (vision)
HINGU (ASA FOETIDA)
हिङ्गु वातकफानाहशूलघ्नं पित्त कोपनम्
कटुपाकरसं रुच्यं दीपनं पाचनं लघु
Hingu (asa foetida)
· mitigates vata, kapha,
· cures distension of the abdomen and colic,
· aggravates pitta,
· pungent in taste and at the end of digestion,
· enhances taste, hunger, digestion and
· is easily digestible.
HARITAKI -
कषाया मधुरा पाके रूक्षा विलवणा लघुः
दीपनी पाचनी मेध्या वयसः स्थापनी परम्
उष्णवीर्या सरा आयुष्या बुद्धीन्द्रियबलप्रदा
कुष्ठवैवर्ण्यवैस्वर्यपुराणविषमज्वरान्
शिरो अक्षिपाण्डुहृद्रोगकामलाग्रहणीगदान्
सशोषशोफातीसारमेदमोहवमिक्रिमीन्
श्वासकासप्रसेकार्शः प्लीहानाहगरोदरम्
विबन्धं स्रोतसां गुल्ममूरुस्तम्भमरोचकम्
हरीतकी जयेत् व्याधिंस्तांस्तांश्च कफवातजान्
Haritaki
· is astringent,
· sweet at the end of digestion,
· dry (causes dryness)
· devoid of lavana (possesses the remaining five tastes)
· easily digestable,
· kindles hunger,
· helps digestion,
· improves intelligence,
· best to maintain youth ,
· hot in potency,
· laxative,
· bestows long life,
· strengthens the mind and the sense organs,
· cures leprosy (and other skin diseases)
· discolouration,
· disorders of voice,
· chronic intermittent fevers,
· diseases of the head, and eyes,
· anaemia,
· heart disease,
· jaundice,
· disease of the duodenum,
· consumption,
· dropsy,
· diarrhoea,
· obesity,
· fainting,
· vomiting,
· worms (intestinal parasites),
· dyspnoea,
· cough,
· excess salivation,
· haemorrhoids,
· disease of the spleen,
· distention of the abdomen,
· enlargement of the abdomen,
· obstruction of channels,
· abdominal tumors,
· stiffness of the thing,
· loss of taste (anorexia) and
· many other disease arising from (aggravation of ) kapha and vata.
तद्वदामलकं शीतमम्लं पित्तकफापहम्
Similarly so is amalaka in all other properties it is
· cold In potency, and
· mitigates pitta and kapha.
कटु पाके हिमं केश्यमक्षमीषश्च तद्गुणम्
Aksha (vibhitaka) is
· pungent at the end of digestion,
· cold in potency,
· good for hairs and
· possesses properties similar (to haritaki and amalaka )
· but slightly less (in degree).
TRIPHALA BENEFITS:
इयं रसायनवरा त्रिफला अक्ष्यामयापहा
रोपणी त्वग्गद क्लेदमेदोमेहकफास्रजित्
Thus, the Triphala(haritaki, amalaki and vibhitaki), together
· is a best rejuvenator of the body,
· cures diseases of the eyes,
· heals wounds and
· cures skin diseases,
· excess moisture of the tissues,
· obesity,
· diabetes,
· aggravation of kapha and Asra (blood)
TRIJATA AND CHATURJATA
सकेसरं चतुर्जातं त्वक्पत्रैलं त्रिजतकम्
पित्तप्रकोपि तीक्ष्णोष्णं रूक्षं रोचनदीपनम्
a)Twak – (Cinnamon),
b) patra (Cinnamon leaf) and
c) Ela – (Cardamom) together are known as Trijatakaand
these along with
d) kesara from the chaturjata.
They cause aggravation of pitta, are penetrating, hot in potency, cause dryness, improve taste and hunger.
MARICHA (PEPPER)
रसे पाके च कटुकं कफघ्नं मरिचं लघु
Black pepper
· is pungent both in taste
· and at the end of digestion,
· mitigates kapha
· and is easily digestable.
PIPPALI (LONG PEPPER)
श्लेष्मला स्वीदुशीत आर्द्रा गुर्वी स्निग्ध्ना च पिप्पली
सा शुष्का विपरीता अतः स्निग्धा वृष्या रसे कटुः
स्वादुपाका अनिलश्लेष्मश्वासकासापहा सरा
न तामत्युपयुञ्जीत रसायनविधिं विना
Long pepper, in its green state
· aggravates kapha,
· is sweet in taste and
· cold in potency,
· not easily digestible and
· is unctous.
The same, when dry, becomes opposite -
· aphrodisiac,
· pungent in taste,
· sweet at the end of digestion,
· mitigates Vata and Kapha,
· Useful in asthma,
· cough;
· is laxative.
Long pepper
· should not be used in excess,
· for long period,
· without following the regimen of rejuvenation therapy.
GINGER BENEFITS:
नागरं दीपनं वृष्यं ग्राहि हृद्यं विबन्धनुत्
रुच्यं लघु स्वादुपाकं स्निग्धोष्णं कफवातजित्
Nagara – (ginger),
· increases hunger,
· is aphrodisiac,
· water absorbent,
· good for the heart (or the mind),
· relives constipation,
· bestows taste,
· easily digestible,
· sweet at the end of digestion,
· unctuous,
· hot in potency and
· mitigates kapha and vata.
तद्वदार्द्रकमेतच्च त्रयं त्रिकटुकं जयेत्
स्थौल्याग्निसदनश्वासकासश्लीपदपीनसान्
Similar is ardraka (fresh ginger, green);
Trikatu–
a)Pepper,
b)long pepper and
c)ginger
– together known as trikatu,
· useful in obesity,
· Asthma,
· dyspepsia,
· cough,
· filariasis and
· chronic nasal catarrh.
चविकापिप्पलीमूलं मरिचाल्पान्तरं गुणैः
· Chavaika (Piper chaba) and pippalimula (long pepper root) possess qualities and properties similar to Marica (black pepper) but in lesser degree.
चित्रको अग्नि समः पाके शोफार्शः कृमिकुष्ठहा
· Chitraka (leadwort) is similar to fire in digesting thing and cures dropsy, haemorrhoids, worms and leprosy (and othe skin diseases).
panchakolaka
पञ्चकोलकमेतच्च मरिचेन विना स्मृतम्
गुल्मप्लीहोदरानाहशूलघ्नं दीपनं परम्
The above, excluding marica, (pippali, pippalimula, cavya, citraka and nagara) is known as panchakolaka, It cures abdominal tumors, disease of the sleen, enlargement of the abdomen, distension and colic, and is best to improve hunger and digestion.
Mahat panchamula
बिल्वकाश्मर्यतर्कारीपाटलाटिण्टुकैर्महत्
जयेत्कषायतिक्तोष्णं पञ्चमूलं कफानिलौ
Bilwa, kasarya, tarari, patala and tintuka are together known as Mahat panchamula. It is astringent and bitter in taste, hot in potency and mitigate kapha and anila (vata )
HRASVA PANCHAMULA (LAGHU PANCHAMOOLA).
ह्रस्वं बृहत्यंशुमतीद्वयगोक्षुरकैः स्मृतम्
स्वादुपाकरसं नातिशीतोष्णं सर्वदोशजित्
· Brihatidwaya (brihati and kantakari),
· amsumatidwaya (saliparni and prsniparni)
· and goksuraka- together are known as hrasva panchamula (Laghu panchamoola).
a)It is sweet in taste and at the end of digestion,
b) neither very hot nor very cold in potency and
c) mitigates all the dosas.
The above two – laghu and mahat panchamoola constitute Dashamoola
MADHYAMA PANCAMULA.
बलापुनर्नवैरण्डशूपपर्णीद्वयेन तु
मध्यमं कफवातघ्नं नातिपित्तकरं सरम्
1. Bala,
2. punarnava,
3. eranda,
4. surpaparni dvaya (masaparni and mundgaparni) together from the madhyama pancamula.
· It mitigates kapha and vata,
· does not greatly aggravate pitta
· and is laxative.
JIVANA PANCAMULA.
अभीरुवीराजीवन्तीजीवकर्षभकैः स्मृतम्
जीवनाख्यं तु चक्षुष्यं वृष्यं पित्तानिलापहम्
1. Abhiru – Asparagus racemosus ,
2. vira,
3. jivanti,
4. jivaka and
5. rsabhaka
together from the jivana pancamula.
a)It is good for the eye,
b)Aphrodisiac and
c) mitigates pitta and anila (vata)
TRNAKHYA (TRNA PANCAMULA)
तृणाख्यं पित्तजिद्दर्भकासेक्षुशरशालिभिः
इत्यौषधवर्गः
Trnakhya (trna pancamula) consisting of
1. darbha,
2. kasa ,
3. iksu,
4. sara
5. sali,
· mitigates pitta.
शूकशिम्भीजपक्वान्नमांसशाकफलौषधैः
वर्गितैरन्नलेशोअयमुक्तो नित्योपयोगिकः
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