Monday, September 30, 2013

9. DRAVYAADI VIJNAANIYA- द्रव्यादिविज्ञानीय / IMPORTANCE OF SUBSTANCES


9. DRAVYAADI VIJNAANIYA- द्रव्यादिविज्ञानीय / IMPORTANCE  OF SUBSTANCES


DRAVYA PRADHAANYA / IMPORTANCE OF A DRAVYA / SUBSTANCE


द्रव्यमेवरसादीनांश्रेष्ठं, तेहितदाश्रयाः


Dravya is the most important among rasa / tastes and other qualities

Because all of the qualities are residing in it

पञ्चभूतात्मकं तत्

Dravya is composed of / born from 5 elements


तत्तुक्ष्मामधिष्ठाय जायते
अम्भुयोन्यग्निपवननभसां  समवायतः
तन्निर्वृत्तिर्विशेषश्च व्यपदेशस्तु भूयसा

1. adhishtanam / substratum of dravya - क्ष्मा / prithvi bhuta

2. yoni / origin - अम्भु / ap bhuta

3. agni / tejas bhuta, pavana / vayu bhuta, and nabhas / aakaasha bhuta with their intimate combination making for its formation and specificity of each substance.

·    Its identification is by predominance of the bhuta present in it.


RASA/ PRIMARY TASTE - ANURASA / SECONDARY TASTE


तस्मान्नैकरसं द्रव्यं भूतासङ्घातसंभवात्
नैकदोषास्ततो रोगास्तत्र व्यक्तो रसः स्मृतः

Among tastes present in a substance
·    that which is clearly recognised is designated as rasa / primary taste


अव्यक्तोअनुरसः किञ्चिदन्ते व्यक्तोअपि चेष्यते


·    Others which are not clearly manifest
·    or which are understood at the end are anurasa/ secondary taste



गुर्वादयोगुणा द्रव्ये पृथिव्यादौ रसाश्रये
रसेषु व्यपदिश्यन्ते  साहचर्योपचारतः

·    Guru and other gunas present in the prithvyadi dravyas ( substances of prithvi and other bhuta predominance) are residing in the rasas.

·    These gunas are attributed to the tastes because of intimate coexistence.


QUALITIES OF DRAVYAS / SUBSTANCES BASED ON PREDOMINANCE OF ELEMENTS

1. पार्थिव द्रव्य लक्षण / qualities  of पार्थिव substances

तत्र द्रव्यं गुरु स्थूल स्थिर गन्ध गुणोल्बणम्
पार्थिवं गौरव स्थैर्य सङ्घात उपचयावहम्

a.  गुरु - heaviness
b.  स्थूल - bulky
c.  स्थिर - stable
d.  गन्ध गुणोल्बणम् - predominant in gandha / smell

e. bestows

·    गौरव - heaviness
·    स्थैर्य - stability
·    सङ्घात - compactness
·    उपचयावहम् - growth
                    

2. आप्य द्रव्य लक्षण / qualities  of apya substances

द्रव शीत गुरु स्निग्ध मन्द सान्द्र रसोल्बणम्
आप्यं स्नेहन विष्यन्द क्लेद प्रह्लाद बन्धकृत्

a.  द्रव - liquidity
b.  शीत  - cold
c.  गुरु - heaviness
d. स्निग्ध - oily
e. मन्द- dull
f. सान्द्र- thickness
g. रसोल्बणम्  - predominant in rasa / taste

 confers

·    स्नेहन - lubrication
·    विष्यन्द - moisture / secretion
·    क्लेद - keeping wet
·    प्रह्लाद - satisfaction
·    बन्धकृत् – cohesion


 आग्नेय द्रव्य लक्षण / qualities  of aagneya substances

रूक्ष तीक्ष्णोष्ण विशदसूक्ष्म  रूपगुणोल्बणम्
आग्नेयं दाह भा वर्ण प्रकाश पचनात्मकम्

a.  रूक्ष  - dry
b.  तीक्ष्ण - penetrating
c.  उष्ण - hot
d.  विशद - non - slimy
e. सूक्ष्म - minute
f.  रूपगुणोल्बणम् - predominant in rupa /appearance

g.                causes

·    दाह - burning sensation
·    भा - lustre
·    वर्ण - expression of colour
·    प्रकाश
·    पचनात्मकम् - digestion


वायव्य द्रव्य लक्षण / qualities  of vayavya substances

वायव्यं  रूक्षविशद लघु स्पर्शगुणोल्बणम्
रौक्ष्य लाघव वैशद्य विचार ग्लानिकारकम्

a.                रूक्ष - dry
b.                विशद - non-slimy
c.                लघु - lightness
d.                स्पर्शगुणोल्बणम् - predominant in sparsa / touch sensation

produces

·    रौक्ष्य - dryness
·    लाघव - lightness
·    वैशद्य  - transparency
·    विचार - movements
·    ग्लानिकारकम् – exhaustion


 नाभस द्रव्य लक्षण / qualities  of naabhasa  substances

नाभसं सूक्ष्म विशद लघु शब्दगुणोल्बणम्
सौषिर्य लाघवकरम्

a.                सूक्ष्म - minuteness
b.                विशद - transparence
c.                लघु  - lightness
d.                शब्दगुणोल्बणम् - predominant in sabda /sound

- produces

·    सौषिर्य - hollowness
·    लाघवकरम् - lightness

NOTHING IS NON - MEDICAL

जगत्येवमनौषधं
न किञ्चित् विद्यते द्रव्यं वशात् नानार्थ योगयोः

·    There is nothing in this universe which is non -medicinal
·    Which cannot be made use of for many purposes and by many modes


PROPERTY OF DRAVYAS

द्रव्यमूर्ध्वगमं तत्र प्रायो अग्नि पवनोत्कटम्

·    Substances with predominance of agni and pavana / vayu bhutas generally

·    Have the property of moving upwards /
or causing movements in upward direction

अधोगामि च भूयिष्ठं भूमि तोयगुणाधिकम्

·    Substances with predominance of bhumi / prithvi and toya /ap  bhutas generally

·    Have the property of moving downwards /
or causing movements in downward direction



VIRYA / POTENCY

According to charaka

चरकस्त्वाह वीर्यं तत् क्रियते येन या क्रिया
नावीर्यं कुरुते किञ्चित्सर्वा वीर्यकृता हि सा

·    virya is that property through which action is made possible
·    no action is possible without virya
·    and all actions are effected by virya only


ASHTA VIDHA VIRYAS

वीर्यं पुनर्वदन्त्येके गुरु स्निग्धं हिमं मृदु
लघु रूक्षोष्ण तीक्ष्णं च तदेवं मतमष्टधा  

1.  गुरु  - heaviness
2.  लघु- light to digest
3.  स्निग्धं - oily
4.  रूक्ष  - dry
5.  हिमं  - cold
6.  उष्ण - hot
7.  मृदु - soft
8. तीक्ष्णं - piercing / strong


गुर्वादिष्येव वीर्याख्या तेन अन्वर्थेति वर्ण्यते
समग्र गुणसारेषु शक्त्युत्कर्ष  विवर्तिषु
व्यवहाराय मुख्यत्वाद्वहृग्रग्रहणादापि

·    Those who designate guru etc. as viryas, do so by direct implication or after actually observing the effect of these qualities

·    Because out of all the qualities

these 8 are the chief

·    their effect are very strong
·    are important in day - to - day routine
·    applicable to majority of substances being considered first in scientific procedures


WHY RASA AND OTHERS ARE NOT CALLED AS VIRYAS


अतश्च विपरीतत्वात् संभवत्यापि  नैव सा
विवक्ष्यते रसाद्येषु, वीर्यं गुर्वादयो ह्यतः


·    because these are opposite to the 4 reasons mentioned above
·    hence gurvadi 8 qualities are the viryas


DVIVIDHA VIRYA


उष्णं शीतं द्विधैवान्ये वीर्यमाचक्षते अपि च
नानात्मकमपि द्रव्यं अग्नीषोमौ महाबलौ
व्यक्ताव्यक्तं जगदिव नातिक्रामति जातुचित्

1.  ushna / hot
2.  sheeta / cold

some consider only 2 viryas

·    ushna
·    sheeta

only the two as viryas

·    because even though substances are of many kinds and qualities

·    only agni and soma / ap are very powerful just as vyakta / manifest and avyakta / unmanifest are for this universe
·    and these cannot be surpassed



ACTIONS OF VIRYAS

1. USHNA VIRYA

तत्रोष्णं भ्रम तृट ग्लानि स्वेद दाह आशुपाकिताः
शमं च वातकफयोः करोति,

Produces

a.                भ्रम - giddiness
b.                तृट - thirst
c.                ग्लानि - exhaustion
d.                स्वेद - perspiration
e.                दाह - burning sensation
f.                आशुपाकिताः - quick cooking/ transformation 
g.                शमं च वातकफयोः - mitigation of vata and kapha



2.SHEETA / COLD VIRYA

शिशिरं पुनः
ह्लादनं जीवनं स्तम्भं प्रसादं रक्तपित्तयोः

causes

a.                ह्लादनं - happiness
b.                जीवनं - activities of life
c.                स्तम्भं - withholding
d.                प्रसादं रक्तपित्तयोः - purification of rakta and pitta


VIPAKA/ TASTE AFTER DIGESTION

जाठरेणाग्निना योगाद्यदुदेति रसान्तरम्
रसानां परिणामान्ते स विपाक इति स्मृतः

·    The change in the taste of substances that occurs at the end of digestion by the association of jadaragni is called as vipaka.



3 types of vipaka

स्वादुःपटुश्च मधुरं, अम्लो अमलं पच्यते रसः
तिक्तोषणकषायाणां विपाकः प्रायशः कटुः


1.  svadu/ sweet tastes and patu / salt tastes become madhura after digestion

2. sour remains as sour itself

3. tikta / bitter, ushana/ katu  /pungent and kashaya / astringent tastes become katu after digestion


रसेरसौ तुल्यफलस्तत्र द्रव्यं शुभाशुभम्

·    The effects of taste which are felt in the mouth and the vipaka rasa will be the same / similar


KARMA VIDHANA /MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SUBSTANCES

किञ्चित् रसेन कुरुते कर्म पाकेन चापरम्
गुणान्तरेण वीर्येण प्रभावेणैव किञ्चन

·    substances yield good or bad effects
·    some by their rasa
·    some by their vipaka
·    some by their guna
·    some by their virya
·    some by their prabhava


यद्यत् द्रव्ये  रसादीनां बलवत्त्वेन वर्तते
अभिभूय इतरांस्तत् कारणत्वं प्रपद्यते


·    Whichever that is powerful among them present in a substance
·    covers up the others
·    and becomes the cause of the action of that substance



विरुद्ध गुण संयोगे भुयसाल्प हि जीयते

·    In case of combination of 2 opposite qualities
the strong one vanquishes the weak



रसं विपाकस्तौ वीर्यं प्रभावस्तान्यपोहति
बलसाम्ये रसादीनामिति नैसर्गिकं बलम्

·    when these are of equal strength ,
·    vipaka wins over rasa
·    rasa and vipaka win over the virya
·    prabhava wins over rasa, virya and vipaka
·    this is the pattern  of natural strength



PRABHAVA / SPECIAL EFFECT

रसादिसाम्ये यत् कर्म विशिष्टं तत् प्रभावजम्

·    The special action of a substance, when the rasa and others are of equal strength



Examples of prabhava

दन्ती रसाद्यैस्तुल्यापि चित्रकस्य विरेचनी
मधुकस्य च मृद्वीका, घृतं क्षीरस्य दीपनम्

1. Though danti is identical with chitraka in respect of rasa etc. ,
·    danti is a purgative

2. Though madhuka is identical with mrdvika in respect of rasa etc.
·    mrdvika is a purgative

3.  Though ghrita is identical with ksheera  in respect of rasa etc.
·    ghrita kindles digestion



विचित्रप्रत्यारब्ध द्रव्य / EXTRAORDINARY SUBSTANCES

इति सामान्यतः कर्म द्रव्यादीनां, पुनश्च तत्
विचित्र प्रत्ययारब्ध  गोधूमो वातजित् वातकृत् यवः
उष्णा मत्स्याः पयः शीतं कटुः सिंहो न शूकरः

1. Both godhuma / wheat and yava / barley possess both svadu and guru qualities
But
·    godhuma mitigates vata
·    yava aggravates vata

2. Both fish and milk  possess both svadu and guru  qualities
but

·    fish has ushna virya
·    milk has sheeta virya

3. Both meat of lion and pig are svadu  
but

·    meat of lion becomes katu in vipaka
·    meat of pig is not so -  pig meat has sweet Vipaka (taste conversion after digestion). 


Thus ends Dravyadi Vijnaniya chapter of Astanga Hrudaya Sutrastana. 





6 comments:

  1. There is any mistake in nothing is non medicinal title??(cannot be / can be????) Pls help to clear that

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. the meaning of the statement is everything in this world is of medicinal properties

      Delete
  2. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Dear sir/madam,

    I found mistakes on your page.

    For example I could not find a single "ऽ"

    I corrected a little part:

    तस्मान्नैकरसं द्रव्यं भूतसङ्घातसम्भवात् / (३.१)

    नैकदोषास्ततो रोगास्तत्र व्यक्तो रसः स्मृतः // (३.२)

    अव्यक्तोऽनुरसः किञ्चिदन्ते व्यक्तोऽपि चेष्यते

    Kind regards,

    Jesse

    ReplyDelete
  4. Best please can you make pdf of charak samhita like this

    ReplyDelete
  5. Is there any missing part in the heading under vichitrapratyayaarabdha?

    ReplyDelete