6. b ANNASWAROOPA VIJNANEEYA ADHYAYA.
VISKIRA VARGA – GROUP OF BIRDS WHICH SCRAATCH GROUND WITH LEGS TO PICK FOOD :-
लाववार्तीकवर्तीररक्तवर्त्मककुक्कुभाः
कपिञ्जलोपचक्राख्यचकोरकुरुबाहवः
वर्तको वर्तिका चैव तित्तिरिः क्रकरः शिखी
ताम्राचूडाख्यबकरगोनर्दगिरिवर्तिकाः
तधा शारपरेन्द्राभवरटाद्याश्च विष्किराः
a) Lava (bustard quail),
b) Vartika (bush quail),
c) Vartira (rain quail),
d) Raktavartma (red eyed owl),
e) Kukkubha (wild cock),
f) Kapinjala (black partridge),
g) Upachakra (small greek pheasant),
h) Chakora (greek pheasant),
i) Kurubahava,
j) Vartaka (button quail),
k) Vartika( bush quail),
l) Tittiri (grey partridge),
m) krakara (black partridge),
n) sikhi (peacock),
o) tamracuda (domestic cock),
p) bakara (small creane),
q) gonarda (siberian crane),
r) girivartika (mountain quail),
s) Sharapada (a kind of sparrow),
t) indrabha (hedge sparrow),
u) varata (goose) etc.
belong to the group known as viskira (birds which scratch the ground with their legs and picks up their food.)
PRATUDA- GROUP OF BIRDS WHICH PECK THE FOOD AND EAT –
जीवञ्जीवकदात्यूहभृङ्गाह्वशुकसारिकाः
लट्वाकोकिलहरीतकपोतचटकादयः
a) Jivanijivaka (greek partridge ),
b) datyuha (gallinule),
c) bhrunagahwa (shrike),
d) suka (parakeet),
e) sarika (mynah),
f) latva (wild sparrow),
g) kokila (cuckoo),
h) harita (grey peigon),
i) kapota (wood peigon),
j) Chataka (house sparrow) etc.
belong to the group of pratuda (birds which peck the food and eat).
BILESHAYA - GROUP OF CREATURES THAT LIVE IN BURROWS -
प्रतुदाः भेकगोधाहिश्वाविदाद्या बिलेशयाः
a) Bheka (frog),
b) godha (iguana lizard),
c) Ahi, (snake),
d) swavid (hedgehog) etc.
are bileshaya (living in burrows )
PRASAHA VARGA – LIVING BEINGS WHICH CATCH FOOD BY TEETH, TEAR AND EAT :-
गोखराश्वतरोषट्राश्विद्वीपिसिंहर्क्षवानराः
मार्जारमूषकव्याघ्रवृकबभ्रुतरक्षवः
लोपाकजम्बुकश्येनचाषवान्तादवायसाः
शशघ्नीभासकुररगृध्रोलूककुलिङ्गकाः
धूमिका मधुहा चेति प्रसहा मृगपक्षिणः
1. Go (cow),
2. khara (ass, donkey),
3. aswatara (mule),
4. ustra (camel),
5. ashwa (horse),
6. dwipi (leopard),
7. Simha (lion),
8. Aruksha (dear),
9. Vanara (monkey),
10. marjala (cat),
11. musaka (rat, mice),
12. Vyaghra (tiger),
13. Vrka (jackal),
14. babhru (large
15. brown mongoose tarksu (hyena),
16. lopaka (fox, jambuka (jackal),
17. syena (hawk),
18. casa (blue joy),
19. vantada (dog),
20. vayasa (crow),
21. sasaghni (golden eagle ),
22. bhasa (bread vulture ),
23. kurara (osprey),
24. grdhra (vulture),
25. uluka (owl),
26. kulingaka (sparrow hawk),
27. dhumika (owlet),
28. madhuha (honey buzzard),
These and other animals and birds belong to the group known as prasaha (which catch their food by the teeth, tear it and eat.)
MAHAMRIGA – BIG ANIMALS –
वराहमहिषन्यङ्करुरुरोहितवारणाः
सृमरश्चमरः खङ्गो गवयश्च महामृगाः
a) Varaha (boar),
b) mahisa (buffalo ),
c) nyanku (dog deer),
d) rohita (big deer),
e) ruru (swamp deer),
f) varana (elephant),
g) srmara (Indian wild boar),
h) chamara (yak),
i) khadga (rhinoceros) and
j) Gavaya (goyal ox)
are known as mahamriga (animals of huge body).
APCHARA VARGA –(AQUATIC BIRDS) :-
हंससारसकादम्बबककारण्डवप्लवाः
बलाकोत्क्रोषचक्राह्वमद्गुक्रौञ्चादयो अप्चराः
a)Hamsa (swan),
b)sarasa (Indian crane),
c) kadamba (grey legged goose),
d) baka (heron),
e) karandava (white breasted goose),
f) palva (pelican),
g) balaka (crane),
h) utkrosa (mattard),
i) chakrahva(ruddy Sheldrake),
j) madgu (small cormorant),
k) krouncha (pound heron) etc.
are know as apcara (aquatic birds ).
MATSYA VARGA – GROUP OF FISH –
मत्स्या रोहितापाठीनकूर्मकुम्भीरकर्कटाः
शुक्तिशङ्खोद्रशम्बूकशफरीवर्मि चन्द्रिकाः
चुलूकीनक्रमकर शिशुमारतिमिङ्गिलाः
राजीचिलिचिमाध्याश्च मांसमित्याहुरष्टधा
मृग्यं वैष्करिकं किञ्च प्रातुदं च बिलेशयम्
प्रासहं च महामृग्यमपचरं मात्स्यमष्टधा
1. Rohita (red fish),
2. pathina (boal),
3. kurma (tortoise),
4. kumbhira (gavial, alligator),
5. karkata (crab),
6. sukti (pearl mussel),
7. sankha (conch shell),
8. urdu (otter),
9. sambuka (comman snail),
10. safari (large glistening fish),
11. varmi candrika (a kind of cat fish)
12. culuki (propoise, seahog )
13. pakra (crocodile),
14. makara (crocodile),
15. sisumara (dolphin),
16. timingala (whale , shark),
17. raji (snake fish),
18. cilicima (red striped fish) and others belongs to group of matsya (fishes).
· Thus eight kinds of (source of ) mamsa (meat) are enumerated.
योनिष्वजावी व्यामिश्रगोचरत्वादनिश्चिते
Goat and sheep are not included in any particular group because of their mixed heredity and living in all types of lands.
आध्यान्त्या जाङ्गलानूपा मध्यौ साधारणौ स्मृतौ
Out of the eight groups mentioned above,
· the first three (Mriga, viskriya and pratuda) are also known as Jangala (Vatadominant);
· the last three (mahamriga, Jalacara and Matsya), are also called anupa (Kapha dominant);
· The middle two (bilesaya and prasaha) are known as sadharana ( tridosha balancing)
· The region of land which has dry forests (shrubby) with less rainfall is Jangala, the region. This region is Vata dominant.
· Area with plenty of rainfall and water-logged is anupa (Kapha dominant),
· The region which has neither too much of dryness nor too much of moisture is Sadharana (temperature).
· The nature and qualities of the land are also seen in all the flora and fauna of the region.
तत्र बद्धमला: शीता लघवो जाङ्गला हिता:
पित्तोत्तरे वातमध्ये सन्निपाते कफानुगे
Meat of the Jangala group
· are the best ,
· they cause constipation,
· are cold (in potency),
· easily digestible, and
· good in sannipata with great increase of pitta and moderate increase of vata, mild increase of kapha following them.
दीपन: कटुक: पाके ग्राही रूक्षो हिम: शश:
The flesh of shasha ( rabbit
· enhances hunger,
· pungent after digestion,
· water absorbent
· and cold in potency
ईषदुष्णगुरुस्निग्धा बृंहण वर्तकादयः
तित्तिरिस्तेष्वपि वरो मेधाग्निबलशुक्रकृत्
ग्राही वर्ण्यो अनिलोद्रिक्तसन्निपातहरः परम्
a)The flesh of the vartaka (button quail) and others,
· are slightly hot in potency, hard to digest, unctuous and make the body stout.
b) Tittiri (sparrow)
· is still better, makes for increase of intelligence, power of digestion, strength and semen, with-holds discharges of fluids from the body, improves the skin complexion, effectively mitigates sannipata with increase of vata.
नातिपथ्यः शिखी पथ्यः श्रोत्रस्वरवयोदृशाम्
The flesh of shikhi (peacock)
· is not very good generally
· but good for the ears (hearing), voice, ageing (to slow down ageing), and eyes (vision),
तद्वच्च कुक्कुटो वृष्यः ग्राम्यस्तु श्लेष्मलो गुरुः
मेधो अनिलकराः हृद्याः क्रकराः सोपचक्रकाः
गुरुः सलवणः काणकपोतः सर्वदोषकृत्
a)Flesh of cock (wild fowl),
is similar (to that of peacock), and is aphrodisiac;
b) that of the domesticated fowl increase kapha and is hard to digest;
c) flesh of krakara (black partridge) increases intelligence and digestion, is good for the heart (or the mind);
d) similar is the flesh of upachakraka;
e) that of kana kapota is hard to digest, slightly saity and increases all the doshas.
Meat of cataka
चटकाः श्लेष्मलाः स्निग्धा वातघ्नाः शुक्रलाः परम्
· increases kapha, is unctuous, mitigates vata and best to increase semen.
Flesh of animals of the next succeeding group (bilesaya),
गुरूष्णस्निग्धमधुरा वर्गाश्चातो यथोत्तरम्
मूत्रशुक्रकृतोव बल्या वातघ्नाः कफपित्तलाः
· are hard to digest, hot in potency, unctuous and sweet, increases urine and semen, strengthening, mitigates vata and increases kapha and pitta.
Flesh of the mahamrigas (big animals)
शीता महामृगास्तेषु क्रव्यादप्रसहाः पुनः
· is cold in potency generally;
a)of them the flesh of carnivorous and prasaha animals
· have salt as secondary taste,
· pungent at the end of digestion,
· increases the muscles of body,
· ideally suited for persons suffering from long standing haemorrhoids, duodenal diseases and consumption
AJA (GOAT’S MEAT)
नातिशीत गुरुस्निग्धं मांसम् आजं अदोषलम्
शरीरधातुसामान्यात् अनभिष्यन्दि बृंहणम्
· Goat meat is not very cold in potency, hard to digest, fatty, does not aggravate the doshas,
· being identical with the doshas of the human body, it is anabhisyandi (does not cause increases of secretions in the tissue channels).
· It is nourishing, causes weight gain.
विपरीतमतो ज्ञेयमाविकं बृंहणं तु तत्
· Avi (meat of sheep) is opposite in nature with that of goat and
· causes weight gain.
Gomamsa (flesh of cow, bull, bullock)
शुष्ककासश्रमात्यग्नि विषमज्वरपीनसान्
· cures dry cough, exhaustion excess hunger, intermittent fevers, chronic nasal catarrh, emaciation, and diseases caused by increase of vata independently.
उष्णो गरीयान्महिषः स्वप्नदार्ढ्यबृहत्वकृत्
· Flesh of mahisa (buffalo) is hot,
· not easily digestible,
· produces sleep, strength and stoutness of the body.
तद्वद्वराहः श्रमहा रुचिशुक्रबलप्रदः
· Flesh of varaha (pig) is similar to that of the buffalo,
· relieves fatigue,
· increases taste, semen and strength
मत्स्याः परं कफकराःचिलिचीमस्त्रिदोषकृत्
· Fish is general tends to increase kapha greatly
· chilichimafish tends to increase all the three dosas.
लावारोहितगोधैरणः स्वे स्वे वर्गे वराः परम्
· Lava, rohita, godha and ena-are best in their respective groups.
मांसं सद्योहतं शुद्धं वय:स्थं च भजेत् त्यजेत्
मृतं कृशं भृशं मेद्यं व्याधिवारि विषैर्हतम्
a)Meat of animals which have been just killed,
b)which are pure (uncontaminated)
c) and of adult animals
- only should be used food;
· Meat of dead animals,
· of those which very emaciated,
· are very fatty,
· and of those animals which are dead due to diseases, water (drowning) and poison
-should be rejected.
पुंस्त्रियोः पूर्वपश्चार्धे गुरुणी, गर्भिणी गुरुः
लघुर्योषिच्चतुष्पात्सु, विहङ्गेषु पुनः पुमान्
शिरः स्कन्धोरुपृष्ठस्य कट्याः सक्थ्नोश्च गौरवम्
तथा आमपक्वाशययोर्यथापूर्वं विनिर्दिशेत्
शोणोतप्रभृतीनां च धातूनामुत्तरोत्तरम्
मांसाद्गरीयो वृषणमेढ्रवृक्कयकृद्गुदम्
इति मांसवर्गः
· Meat obtained from the parts above the umbilicus of male animals and
· from the parts below the umbilicus of female animals,
· that obtained from the pregnant animal
-are all hard to digest.
Among the quadrupeds,
· the flesh of females is easily digestible
But among the birds
· it is of the males.
· Flesh obtained from the head, neck, thighs, back, waist, forelegs, stomach and intestines are hard to digest in the reverse order of enumeration.
· The tissues of the animals such as blood and others are hard to digest in their successive order;
· testicles, penis, kidneys, liver and rectum are hard to digest than the flesh.
· Thus ends the group of meat.
· In ancient India, hunting was very common both for the sake of food and as pastime.
· Among the hunted animals and birds belonging to different kinds and nature some were found suitable as food but some were not.
· It is difficult to correctly identify some of the animals, birds and fishes named herein, some of them might have become extinct even.
VISKIRA VARGA – GROUP OF BIRDS WHICH SCRAATCH GROUND WITH LEGS TO PICK FOOD :-
लाववार्तीकवर्तीररक्तवर्त्मककुक्कुभाः
कपिञ्जलोपचक्राख्यचकोरकुरुबाहवः
वर्तको वर्तिका चैव तित्तिरिः क्रकरः शिखी
ताम्राचूडाख्यबकरगोनर्दगिरिवर्तिकाः
तधा शारपरेन्द्राभवरटाद्याश्च विष्किराः
a) Lava (bustard quail),
b) Vartika (bush quail),
c) Vartira (rain quail),
d) Raktavartma (red eyed owl),
e) Kukkubha (wild cock),
f) Kapinjala (black partridge),
g) Upachakra (small greek pheasant),
h) Chakora (greek pheasant),
i) Kurubahava,
j) Vartaka (button quail),
k) Vartika( bush quail),
l) Tittiri (grey partridge),
m) krakara (black partridge),
n) sikhi (peacock),
o) tamracuda (domestic cock),
p) bakara (small creane),
q) gonarda (siberian crane),
r) girivartika (mountain quail),
s) Sharapada (a kind of sparrow),
t) indrabha (hedge sparrow),
u) varata (goose) etc.
belong to the group known as viskira (birds which scratch the ground with their legs and picks up their food.)
PRATUDA- GROUP OF BIRDS WHICH PECK THE FOOD AND EAT –
जीवञ्जीवकदात्यूहभृङ्गाह्वशुकसारिकाः
लट्वाकोकिलहरीतकपोतचटकादयः
a) Jivanijivaka (greek partridge ),
b) datyuha (gallinule),
c) bhrunagahwa (shrike),
d) suka (parakeet),
e) sarika (mynah),
f) latva (wild sparrow),
g) kokila (cuckoo),
h) harita (grey peigon),
i) kapota (wood peigon),
j) Chataka (house sparrow) etc.
belong to the group of pratuda (birds which peck the food and eat).
BILESHAYA - GROUP OF CREATURES THAT LIVE IN BURROWS -
प्रतुदाः भेकगोधाहिश्वाविदाद्या बिलेशयाः
a) Bheka (frog),
b) godha (iguana lizard),
c) Ahi, (snake),
d) swavid (hedgehog) etc.
are bileshaya (living in burrows )
PRASAHA VARGA – LIVING BEINGS WHICH CATCH FOOD BY TEETH, TEAR AND EAT :-
गोखराश्वतरोषट्राश्विद्वीपिसिंहर्क्षवानराः
मार्जारमूषकव्याघ्रवृकबभ्रुतरक्षवः
लोपाकजम्बुकश्येनचाषवान्तादवायसाः
शशघ्नीभासकुररगृध्रोलूककुलिङ्गकाः
धूमिका मधुहा चेति प्रसहा मृगपक्षिणः
1. Go (cow),
2. khara (ass, donkey),
3. aswatara (mule),
4. ustra (camel),
5. ashwa (horse),
6. dwipi (leopard),
7. Simha (lion),
8. Aruksha (dear),
9. Vanara (monkey),
10. marjala (cat),
11. musaka (rat, mice),
12. Vyaghra (tiger),
13. Vrka (jackal),
14. babhru (large
15. brown mongoose tarksu (hyena),
16. lopaka (fox, jambuka (jackal),
17. syena (hawk),
18. casa (blue joy),
19. vantada (dog),
20. vayasa (crow),
21. sasaghni (golden eagle ),
22. bhasa (bread vulture ),
23. kurara (osprey),
24. grdhra (vulture),
25. uluka (owl),
26. kulingaka (sparrow hawk),
27. dhumika (owlet),
28. madhuha (honey buzzard),
These and other animals and birds belong to the group known as prasaha (which catch their food by the teeth, tear it and eat.)
MAHAMRIGA – BIG ANIMALS –
वराहमहिषन्यङ्करुरुरोहितवारणाः
सृमरश्चमरः खङ्गो गवयश्च महामृगाः
a) Varaha (boar),
b) mahisa (buffalo ),
c) nyanku (dog deer),
d) rohita (big deer),
e) ruru (swamp deer),
f) varana (elephant),
g) srmara (Indian wild boar),
h) chamara (yak),
i) khadga (rhinoceros) and
j) Gavaya (goyal ox)
are known as mahamriga (animals of huge body).
APCHARA VARGA –(AQUATIC BIRDS) :-
हंससारसकादम्बबककारण्डवप्लवाः
बलाकोत्क्रोषचक्राह्वमद्गुक्रौञ्चादयो अप्चराः
a)Hamsa (swan),
b)sarasa (Indian crane),
c) kadamba (grey legged goose),
d) baka (heron),
e) karandava (white breasted goose),
f) palva (pelican),
g) balaka (crane),
h) utkrosa (mattard),
i) chakrahva(ruddy Sheldrake),
j) madgu (small cormorant),
k) krouncha (pound heron) etc.
are know as apcara (aquatic birds ).
MATSYA VARGA – GROUP OF FISH –
मत्स्या रोहितापाठीनकूर्मकुम्भीरकर्कटाः
शुक्तिशङ्खोद्रशम्बूकशफरीवर्मि चन्द्रिकाः
चुलूकीनक्रमकर शिशुमारतिमिङ्गिलाः
राजीचिलिचिमाध्याश्च मांसमित्याहुरष्टधा
मृग्यं वैष्करिकं किञ्च प्रातुदं च बिलेशयम्
प्रासहं च महामृग्यमपचरं मात्स्यमष्टधा
1. Rohita (red fish),
2. pathina (boal),
3. kurma (tortoise),
4. kumbhira (gavial, alligator),
5. karkata (crab),
6. sukti (pearl mussel),
7. sankha (conch shell),
8. urdu (otter),
9. sambuka (comman snail),
10. safari (large glistening fish),
11. varmi candrika (a kind of cat fish)
12. culuki (propoise, seahog )
13. pakra (crocodile),
14. makara (crocodile),
15. sisumara (dolphin),
16. timingala (whale , shark),
17. raji (snake fish),
18. cilicima (red striped fish) and others belongs to group of matsya (fishes).
· Thus eight kinds of (source of ) mamsa (meat) are enumerated.
योनिष्वजावी व्यामिश्रगोचरत्वादनिश्चिते
Goat and sheep are not included in any particular group because of their mixed heredity and living in all types of lands.
आध्यान्त्या जाङ्गलानूपा मध्यौ साधारणौ स्मृतौ
Out of the eight groups mentioned above,
· the first three (Mriga, viskriya and pratuda) are also known as Jangala (Vatadominant);
· the last three (mahamriga, Jalacara and Matsya), are also called anupa (Kapha dominant);
· The middle two (bilesaya and prasaha) are known as sadharana ( tridosha balancing)
· The region of land which has dry forests (shrubby) with less rainfall is Jangala, the region. This region is Vata dominant.
· Area with plenty of rainfall and water-logged is anupa (Kapha dominant),
· The region which has neither too much of dryness nor too much of moisture is Sadharana (temperature).
· The nature and qualities of the land are also seen in all the flora and fauna of the region.
तत्र बद्धमला: शीता लघवो जाङ्गला हिता:
पित्तोत्तरे वातमध्ये सन्निपाते कफानुगे
Meat of the Jangala group
· are the best ,
· they cause constipation,
· are cold (in potency),
· easily digestible, and
· good in sannipata with great increase of pitta and moderate increase of vata, mild increase of kapha following them.
दीपन: कटुक: पाके ग्राही रूक्षो हिम: शश:
The flesh of shasha ( rabbit
· enhances hunger,
· pungent after digestion,
· water absorbent
· and cold in potency
ईषदुष्णगुरुस्निग्धा बृंहण वर्तकादयः
तित्तिरिस्तेष्वपि वरो मेधाग्निबलशुक्रकृत्
ग्राही वर्ण्यो अनिलोद्रिक्तसन्निपातहरः परम्
a)The flesh of the vartaka (button quail) and others,
· are slightly hot in potency, hard to digest, unctuous and make the body stout.
b) Tittiri (sparrow)
· is still better, makes for increase of intelligence, power of digestion, strength and semen, with-holds discharges of fluids from the body, improves the skin complexion, effectively mitigates sannipata with increase of vata.
नातिपथ्यः शिखी पथ्यः श्रोत्रस्वरवयोदृशाम्
The flesh of shikhi (peacock)
· is not very good generally
· but good for the ears (hearing), voice, ageing (to slow down ageing), and eyes (vision),
तद्वच्च कुक्कुटो वृष्यः ग्राम्यस्तु श्लेष्मलो गुरुः
मेधो अनिलकराः हृद्याः क्रकराः सोपचक्रकाः
गुरुः सलवणः काणकपोतः सर्वदोषकृत्
a)Flesh of cock (wild fowl),
is similar (to that of peacock), and is aphrodisiac;
b) that of the domesticated fowl increase kapha and is hard to digest;
c) flesh of krakara (black partridge) increases intelligence and digestion, is good for the heart (or the mind);
d) similar is the flesh of upachakraka;
e) that of kana kapota is hard to digest, slightly saity and increases all the doshas.
Meat of cataka
चटकाः श्लेष्मलाः स्निग्धा वातघ्नाः शुक्रलाः परम्
· increases kapha, is unctuous, mitigates vata and best to increase semen.
Flesh of animals of the next succeeding group (bilesaya),
गुरूष्णस्निग्धमधुरा वर्गाश्चातो यथोत्तरम्
मूत्रशुक्रकृतोव बल्या वातघ्नाः कफपित्तलाः
· are hard to digest, hot in potency, unctuous and sweet, increases urine and semen, strengthening, mitigates vata and increases kapha and pitta.
Flesh of the mahamrigas (big animals)
शीता महामृगास्तेषु क्रव्यादप्रसहाः पुनः
· is cold in potency generally;
a)of them the flesh of carnivorous and prasaha animals
· have salt as secondary taste,
· pungent at the end of digestion,
· increases the muscles of body,
· ideally suited for persons suffering from long standing haemorrhoids, duodenal diseases and consumption
AJA (GOAT’S MEAT)
नातिशीत गुरुस्निग्धं मांसम् आजं अदोषलम्
शरीरधातुसामान्यात् अनभिष्यन्दि बृंहणम्
· Goat meat is not very cold in potency, hard to digest, fatty, does not aggravate the doshas,
· being identical with the doshas of the human body, it is anabhisyandi (does not cause increases of secretions in the tissue channels).
· It is nourishing, causes weight gain.
विपरीतमतो ज्ञेयमाविकं बृंहणं तु तत्
· Avi (meat of sheep) is opposite in nature with that of goat and
· causes weight gain.
Gomamsa (flesh of cow, bull, bullock)
शुष्ककासश्रमात्यग्नि विषमज्वरपीनसान्
· cures dry cough, exhaustion excess hunger, intermittent fevers, chronic nasal catarrh, emaciation, and diseases caused by increase of vata independently.
उष्णो गरीयान्महिषः स्वप्नदार्ढ्यबृहत्वकृत्
· Flesh of mahisa (buffalo) is hot,
· not easily digestible,
· produces sleep, strength and stoutness of the body.
तद्वद्वराहः श्रमहा रुचिशुक्रबलप्रदः
· Flesh of varaha (pig) is similar to that of the buffalo,
· relieves fatigue,
· increases taste, semen and strength
मत्स्याः परं कफकराःचिलिचीमस्त्रिदोषकृत्
· Fish is general tends to increase kapha greatly
· chilichimafish tends to increase all the three dosas.
लावारोहितगोधैरणः स्वे स्वे वर्गे वराः परम्
· Lava, rohita, godha and ena-are best in their respective groups.
मांसं सद्योहतं शुद्धं वय:स्थं च भजेत् त्यजेत्
मृतं कृशं भृशं मेद्यं व्याधिवारि विषैर्हतम्
a)Meat of animals which have been just killed,
b)which are pure (uncontaminated)
c) and of adult animals
- only should be used food;
· Meat of dead animals,
· of those which very emaciated,
· are very fatty,
· and of those animals which are dead due to diseases, water (drowning) and poison
-should be rejected.
पुंस्त्रियोः पूर्वपश्चार्धे गुरुणी, गर्भिणी गुरुः
लघुर्योषिच्चतुष्पात्सु, विहङ्गेषु पुनः पुमान्
शिरः स्कन्धोरुपृष्ठस्य कट्याः सक्थ्नोश्च गौरवम्
तथा आमपक्वाशययोर्यथापूर्वं विनिर्दिशेत्
शोणोतप्रभृतीनां च धातूनामुत्तरोत्तरम्
मांसाद्गरीयो वृषणमेढ्रवृक्कयकृद्गुदम्
इति मांसवर्गः
· Meat obtained from the parts above the umbilicus of male animals and
· from the parts below the umbilicus of female animals,
· that obtained from the pregnant animal
-are all hard to digest.
Among the quadrupeds,
· the flesh of females is easily digestible
But among the birds
· it is of the males.
· Flesh obtained from the head, neck, thighs, back, waist, forelegs, stomach and intestines are hard to digest in the reverse order of enumeration.
· The tissues of the animals such as blood and others are hard to digest in their successive order;
· testicles, penis, kidneys, liver and rectum are hard to digest than the flesh.
· Thus ends the group of meat.
· In ancient India, hunting was very common both for the sake of food and as pastime.
· Among the hunted animals and birds belonging to different kinds and nature some were found suitable as food but some were not.
· It is difficult to correctly identify some of the animals, birds and fishes named herein, some of them might have become extinct even.
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