ASHTANGA HRIDAYA SUTRASTHANA

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1. AYUSHKAMIYA ADHYAAYA / आयुष्कामीयं – DESIRE FOR LONG LIFE
NAMASKARA / OBEISANCES

रागादि रोगान् सततानुषक्तानशेषकायप्रसृतानशेषान्औत्सुक्यमोहारतिदाञ्जघान यो अपूर्ववैध्याय नमो अस्तु तस्मै

SALUTATIONS TO THE UNIQUE AND RARE PHYSICIAN,

·          who has destroyed,
·          without any residue
·   all the diseases like Raga (lust, anger, greed, arrogance, jealousy, selfishness, ego),
·        which are constantly associated with the body,
·          which is spread all over the body,
·        giving rise to disease, delusion and restlessness.

PURPOSE OF LIFE: ESSENTIAL QUALITY TO LEARN AYURVEDA

आयु: कामायमानेन धर्मार्थ सुखसाधनम् । आयुर्वेदोपदेशेषु विधेय: परमादर:

To achieve the purpose of life, that is

1. Dharma – following the path of righteousness
2. Artha – earning money in a legal way
3. Kama – fulfilling our desire
4. Moksha – achieving Salvation,

·      To achieve this purpose of life, one should concentrate on having a long life.
·      To learn the science of Ayurveda, which explains how to achieve this purpose, ‘obedience’ (Vidheya) is the most important quality.

ORIGIN OF AYURVEDA

ब्रह्मा स्मृत्वा आयुषो वेदं प्रजापतिमजिग्रहेत्सो अश्विनौ तौ सहस्राक्षं सो अत्रिपुत्रादिकान्मुनीन्ते अग्निवेशादिकांस्ते टु पृथक् तन्त्राणि तेनिरे

Lord Brahma, remembering Ayurveda,

1. taught it to Prajapathi,
2. he in turn taught it to Ashwini Kumaras (twins),
3. they taught it to Sahasraksa (Lord Indra),
4. he taught it to Atri’s son (Atreya Punarvasu) and other sages,
5. they taught it to Agnivesa and others and they (agnivesa and other disciples ) composed treatises, each one separately.

FUNDA OF ASHTANGA HRUDAYAM:

तेभ्यो अतिविप्रकीर्ण्यभ्यः प्रायः सारतरोच्चयःक्रियते अष्टाङ्गहृदयं नातिसंक्षेपविस्तरम्

· From those Ayurvedic text books, which are too elaborate and hence very difficult to study, only the esence is collected and presented in Ashtanga Hridaya, which is neither too short nor too elaborate.

BRANCHES OF AYURVEDA

कायबालग्रहोर्ध्वाङ्ग शल्यदंष्ट्रा जरावृषान्अष्टावङ्गानि तस्याहु: चिकित्सा येषु संश्रिता

1.Kaya Chikitsa – General medicine
2.Bala Chikitsa – Paediatrics
3.Graha Chikitsa – Psychiatry
4.Urdhvanga Chikitsa – Diseases and treatment of Ear, Nose, Throat, Eyes and Head (neck and above region)
5.Shalya Chikitsa – Surgery
6.Damshrta Chikitsa – Toxicology
7.Jara Chikitsa – Geriatrics
8.Vrushya Chikitsa – Aphrodisiac therapy

· These are the eight branches of Ayurveda.

TRIDOSHA

वायु: पित्तं कफश्चेति त्रयो दोषा: समासत:विकृताऽविकृता देहं घ्नन्ति ते वर्त्तयन्ति च ।

1.Vayu – Vata,
2.Pitta and
3.kapha

are the three Doshas of the body.

· Perfect balance of three Doshas leads to health,
· imbalance in Tridosha leads to diseases.

HOW TRIDOSHA ARE SPREAD IN BODY AND IN A DAY?

ते व्यापिनोऽपि हृन्नाभ्योरधोमध्योर्ध्व संश्रया:वयोऽहोरात्रिभुक्तानांतेऽन्तमध्यादिगा: क्रमात्

The Tridosha are present all over the body, but their presence is especially seen in particular parts. If you divide the body into three parts,

·      The top part up to chest is dominated by Kapha Dosha,
·      Between chest and Umbilicus is dominated by Pitta,
·      Below umbilicus part is dominated by Vata.

Similarly, in a person’s life, day and in night (separately),

·      the first part is dominated by Kapha,
·      second part is dominated by Pitta and
·      third part is dominated by Vata.

While eating and during digestion,

· the first, second and third part are dominated by Kapha, Pitta and Vata respectively.

TYPES OF DIGESTIVE FIRES

तैर्भवेद्विषम: तीक्ष्णो मन्दश्चाग्नि: समै: सम:

There are four types of Digestive fires (Agni)

1. Vishama Agni – Influenced by Vata. A person with Vishama Agni will sometimes have high appetite, and sometimes, low appetite.

2. Teekshna Agni - Influenced by Pitta. A person with Teeksna Agni will have high digestion power and appetite.

3. Manda Agni - Influenced by Kapha. A person with Manda Agni will have low digestion power and appetite.

4. Sama Agni - Influenced by perfect balance of Tridosha – Where person will have proper appetite and digestion power.

Digestion occurs at appropriate time.

TYPES OF DIGESTIVE TRACTS / NATURE OF BOWELS

कोष्ठ: क्रूरो मृदुर्मध्यो मध्य: स्यात्तै: समैरपि

There are three types of digestive tracts (Koshta)

1. Kroora Koshta – wherein the person will take long time for digestion. The bowel evacuation will be irregular. It is influenced by Vata.

2. Mrudu Koshta – Sensitive stomach, has a very short digestion period. Even administration of milk will cause bowel evacuation.

3. Madhya Koshta – Proper digestive tract, bowel evacuation at appropriate times. It is influenced by Tridosha balance.

TYPES OF PRAKRUTI – BODY TYPES शुक्रार्तवस्थै: जन्मादौ विषेणैव विषकृमे: तैश्च तिस्र: प्रकृतयो हीनमध्योत्तमा: पृथक् समधातु: समस्तासु श्रेष्ठा निन्द्या द्विदोषजा

Like the poison is natural and inherent to poisonous insects, similarly, the Prakruti (body type) is inherent to humans.The body type is decided during conception, based on qualities of sperm and ovum.

1.     Vata prakruti – Vata body type is considered as low quality
2.   Pitta Prakruti – Pitta body type is considered as moderate quality
3.   Kapha body type is considered good quality.
4.   Tridosha body type – influenced equally by Vata, Pitta and Kapha is considered the best quality.

5.   Dual body types, Like
·      Vata-Pitta,
·      Pitta-Kapha,
·      Vata-Kapha body types are considered as not good.

QUALITIES OF VATA

तत्र रूक्षो लघु: शीत: खर: सूक्ष्मश्चलोऽनिल:

1. Rooksha – dryness,
2. Laghu – Lightness,
3. Sheeta – coldness,
4. Khara – roughness,
5. Sookshma – minuteness,
6. Chala – movement

These are the qualities of Vata.

QUALITIES OF PITTA

पित्तं सस्नेह तीक्ष्णोष्णं लघु विस्रं सरं द्रवम्

1. Sasneha – slightly oily, unctuous,
2. Teekshna – piercing, entering into deep tissues,
3. Ushna – hotness,
4. Laghu – lightness,
5. Visram – bad smell,
6. sara – having fluidity, movement,
7. drava – liquidity are the qualities of Pitta.

QUALITIES OF KAPHA

स्निग्ध: शीतो गुरुर्मन्द: श्लक्ष्णो मृत्स्न: स्थिर: कफ:
1. Snigdhna – oily, unctuous,
2. Sheeta – cold, Guru – heavy,
3. Manda – mild, viscous,
4. shlakshna – smooth, clear,
5. Mrutsna – slimy, jely,
6. sthira – stability, immobility are the qualities of Kapha.

संसर्गः सन्निपातश्च तद्द्वित्रिक्षयकोपतः

· The increase, decrease of individual Doshas, or imbalance of couple of these Doshas is called as Samsarga

· And imbalance of all the three Doshas together is called as Sannipata.

BODY TISSUES AND WASTE PRODUCTS

रस असृक् मांस मेदो अस्थि मज्ज शुक्राणि धातव:सप्त दूष्या: मला: मूत्र शकृत् स्वेदादयोऽपि च

Body tissues and waste products are called as Dushyas.

Means, there are influenced, and affected by Doshas.

Body tissues are -

1. Rasa - the first product of digestion, Soon after digestion of food, the digested food turns into Rasa. It is grossly compared to lymph or plasma. But it is not a complete comparison.

2. Rakta – Also called as Asruk. – Blood

3. Mamsa – Muscle

4. Meda - Fat tissue

5. Asthi - Bones and cartilages

6. Majja - Bone marrow

7. Shukra – Semen / Ovum or entire male and female genital tract and its secretions are grossly covered under this heading.

Mala – waste products

1. Shakrut / Pureesha – (faeces),

2. Sweda (sweat) and

3. Mootra (urine) are the three waste products of the body.

Nature of increase and decrease

वृद्धि: समानै: सर्वेषां विपरीतै: विपर्यय: ।

Equal qualities lead to increase, and opposing qualities lead to decrease.

· For example, dryness is the quality of Vata. If a Vata body type person exposes himself to dry cold weather, his dryness and in turn Vata will increase, leading to dry skin.
In the same way, oiliness is opposite quality of dryness. If he applies oil to the skin, then the dryness and related Vata is decreased.

SIX TASTES

रसाः स्वाद्वम्ललवणतिक्तोषणकषायकाःषड् द्रव्यमाश्रितास्ते च यथापूर्वं बलावहाः

1. Svadu – Madhura – sweet,

2. Amla – Sour

3. Lavana – Salt

4. Tikta – Bitter

5. Ushna – Katu – Pungent

6. Kashaya – Astringent are the six types of Rasa.

They are successively lower in energy.

That means,· Sweet taste imparts maximum energy to body and the astringent, the least.

EFFECT OF TASTES ON TRIDOSHA

तत्राद्या मारुतं घ्नन्ति त्रय: तिक्तादय: कफम् कषाय तिक्त मधुरा: पित्तमन्ये तु कुर्वते

In the list of tastes,

· the first three, i.e. Sweet, sour and salt mitigates Vata and increases Kapha.

· The last three, i.e. bitter, pungent and astringent tastes mitigates Kapha and increases Vata

Astringent, bitter and sweet taste mitigates Pitta.

· Sour, salt and pungent tastes increase Pitta.

TYPES OF FOOD SUBSTANCES:

शमनं कोपनं स्वस्थहितं द्रव्यमिति त्रिधा

1. Shamana – Food that brings down the increased Dosha to normalcy

2. Kopana – Food that increases the lowered Dosha to normalcy

3. Swasthahita - Food that maintains the normalcy of Tridosha and health.

TYPES OF POTENCY (VEERYA)

उष्णशीतगुनोत्कर्षात्तत्र वीर्यं द्विधा स्मृतम्

1. Ushna veerya (Hot potency)

-Some food items are hot in nature.

For example pepper

2. Sheeta veerya (cold potency)

- Some food items are cold in nature.

For example milk.

·      These are the two types of potencies.
·      Generally, substances that have Astringent, bitter and sweet tastes are coolant in nature and
·      Sour, salt and pungent tastes are hot in nature.

THREE TYPES OF VIPAKA

त्रिधा विपाको द्रव्यस्य स्वद्वम्लकटुकात्मकः

Vipaka refers to conversion of taste after initial phase of digestion.

1. Madhura Vipaka (sweet) – Generally, Sweet, and salt tastes undergo this Vipaka.

2. Amla Vipaka (Sour) – Sour taste undergoes this Vipaka

3. Katu Vipaka – rest of the tastes – Bitter, astringent and pungent tastes undergo this Vipaka.

TWENTY TYPES OF QUALITIES

गुरु मन्द हिम स्निग्ध श्लक्ष्ण सान्द्र मृदु स्थिरा: ।गुणा: ससूक्ष्म विशदा: विंशति: स विपर्यया: ॥

1. Guru(heavy) X laghu (light in weight)

2. Manda(slow) X tiksna(quick,fast)

3. Hima (cold) X ushna (hot)

4. Snighda (unctuous) X ruksa (dry)

5. Slaksna (smooth) X khara (rough)

6. Sandra (solid) X drava (liquid)

7. Mrdu (soft) X kathina (hard)

8. Sthira (stable) X cala (moving, unstable)

9. Suksma (stable, small) X sthula (big,gross)

10. Vishada (non slimy) X picchila (slimy)

CAUSE FOR HEALTH AND DISEASE:

कालार्थकर्मणां योगो हीनमिथ्यातिमात्रक: । सम्यग्योगश्च विज्ञेयो रोगारोग्यैक कारणम् ॥

a. Less,
b. more or
c. wrong unison of time, senses and functions is the reason for disease and the right unison of these three factors is the reason for health.

DEFINITION OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

रोगस्तु दोषवैषम्यं दोष साम्यं अरोगता ।

·      Imbalance in Tridosha is disease.
·      Perfect balance is health.

TYPES OF DISEASE:

निजागन्तु विभागेन तत्र रोगा द्विधा स्मृताः   1. Nija roga – Disease caused due to imbalance in internal factors. For example, eating excessive hot substances, leading to gastritis.
2.Agantu Roga - Disease caused due to external factors. Such as injuries. Both these types of disease can occur to body and mind.

TYPES OF MENTAL DOSHAS –

तेषां कायमनोमेदादधिष्ठानामपि द्विधारजस्तमश्च मनसो द्वौ च दोषावुदाह्रतौ

1. Rajas – quality of mind, that drives us to take actions,
2. Tamas – that leads to inaction and lethargy

EXAMINATION OF A PATIENT

दर्शनस्पर्शनप्रश्नैः परीक्षेत च रोगिणम्

1. Darshana – by means of inspection, observation
2. Sparshana - by means of touching
3. Prashna – by means of asking

EXAMINATION OF DISEASE:

रोगं निदानप्राग्रूपलक्षणोपशयाप्तिभिः

Disease should be examined by its

1. Nidana -causes, aetiology,
2. Pragrupa – Purvarupa – prodromal symptoms, premonitory symptoms
3. Lakshana – Specific signs and symptoms, clinical features
4. Upashayaa – diagnostic tests
5. Apti – Samprapti – Pathogenesis.

TYPES OF HABITAT (DESHA)

भूमिदेहप्रभेदेन देशमाहुरिह द्विधाजाङ्गलं वातभूयिष्ठमनूपं तु कफोल्बणम्साधारणं सममलं त्रिधा भूदेशमादिशेत्

In this science, is said to be of two kinds

a. Bhumi desha – region of land and

b. Dehadesha – the body.

Bhumi desa - land region is of three kinds of viz,

a)Jangala

-which is predominant of vata – arid or desert-like land with no mountains or hills, has less vegetation, poor water resourses and is more breezy.

b)Anupa

- which is predominant of kapha - marshy land with more of water, more vegetation , very less of sunlight and heat.

c) Sadharana which has all Tridosha in balance

- moderate type with few mountains , hills, moderate water, vegetation and sunlight.

KINDS OF TIME:

क्षणादिर्व्याध्यवस्था च कालो भेषजयोगकृत्

Two kinds are considered.1. one is normal time,
2.another – stages of diseases.

TYPES OF MEDICINES:

शोधनं शमनं चेति समासात् औषधं द्विधा ॥

शरीरजानां दोषाणां क्रमेण परमौषधम् ।

बस्ति: विरेको वमनं तथा तैल घृतं मधु: ॥

There are two types of medicines.

1. Shamana - Palliative treatment – which brings the Dosha to normalcy, useful in initial stages of diseases

2. Shodhana – Purification treatment – which expels imbalanced Dosha out of body. – Useful in aggravated stages of diseases.

Examples:

·      For Vata – Basti (suppositories) is the Shodhana treatment, and oil is Shamana treatment.
·      For pitta – Virechana (Purgation) is Shodhana and Ghee is Shamana
·      For Kapha – Vamana (emesis) is Shodhana and Honey is Shamana.

TREATMENT FOR MENTAL IMBALANCE:

धीधैर्यात्मादिविज्ञानं मनोदोषौषधं परम्

1. Dhee – improving intelligence
2. Dhairya – improving courage
3. Atmavijnana – Self realization are the means to treat mental imbalance.

16 FACTORS OF TREATMENT. –

भिषग् द्रव्याण्युपस्थाता रोगी पादचतुष्टयम्चिकित्सतस्य निर्दिष्टं, प्रत्येकं तच्चतुर्गुणम्दक्षः तीर्थात्तशास्त्रार्थो दृष्टकर्मा शुचिर्भिषक्बहुकल्पं बहुगुणं संपन्नं योग्यमौषधम्अनुरक्तः शुचिर्दक्षो बुद्धिमान् परिचारकःआढ्यो रोगी भिषग्वश्यो ज्ञापकः सत्त्वानपि

Chikitsa Chatushpada -

1. Bhishag (Doctor),
2. Dravya (medicine),
3. Upastha (Nurse) and
4. Rogi (patient)

are the four factors in treatment. Each of these four have further four qualities.

Qualities of doctor:

1. Daksha – Alert, disciplined
2. Shastra – Having detailed knowledge about diseases and treatment.
3. Drushtakarma – Having practical experience
4. Shuchi – Cleanliness

Qualities of medicine:

1. Bahukalpa – Ability to formulate in different dosage forms, like decoction, powder, herbal oil etc
2. Bahuguna – Having enormous qualities
3. Sampanna – Endowed with virtues
4. Yogya - suitable and appropriate for specific diseases.

Qualities of nurse:

1. Anurakta – Compassion towards patients
2. Shuchi – Cleanliness
3. Daksha – Alert, active
4. Buddhiman – Intelligence

Qualities of patient

1.Adya - Rich
2.Bhishagvashya – 100 % obedience towards doctor
3.Jnapaka – Good memory
4.Satvavaan – Having good strength to tolerate disease and treatment.

TYPES OF DISEASES:

साध्यो असाध्य इति व्याधिर्द्विधा तौ तु पुनर्द्विधासुसाध्यः कृच्छ्रसाध्यश्च, याप्यो यश्चानुपक्रमः

सर्वौषधक्षमे देहे यूनः पुंसो जितात्मनःअमर्मगो अल्पहेत्वग्र रूपरूपो अनुपद्रवःअतुल्यदूष्यदेशर्तुप्रकृतिः पादसम्पदिग्रहेष्वनुगुनेष्वेकदोषमार्गो नवः सुखः

Two main types, which are further divided into two types.

1. Sadhya - Which can be cured.

It is of two types –

A. Easy to cure (Sukha Sadhya),
B. Difficult to cure (Krichra Sadhya)

2.Asadhya - Which can not be cured.

It is of two types –

A. Yapya (medicine is required for as long as patient is alive),
B. Anupakrama (nothing can be done.)

QUALITIES OF DISEASES WHICH CAN BE CURED EASILY:

1. Sarvaushadha kshame dehe – The body of patient is able to tolerate all types of medicines

2. Yunaha – Young patient

3. Jitatmanaha – Patient having good control over sense organs, who follows abstinence

4. Amarmaga – If the disease is not affected sensitive areas like brain, heart, kidney

5. Alpahetu – If the cause for disease is mild

6. Alparoopa – Mild symptoms

7. Anupadrava – no complications

8. Atulya dushya desha rutu prakruti

– If the·      Dosha involved,
·      Dhatu (body tissue) involved,
·      Desha (place),
·      Rtu (season) and
·      Prakruti (body type) are not influenced by one particular Dosha,
9.  Pada sampadi - If all the sixteen qualities of Doctor, patient etc explained above are present,10. Graha anuguna - If astrology is in favour of the patient11. Eka Doshaja - Disease due to only one Dosha12. Eka Marga - If only one body channel is affected13. Nava - Disease of recent origin / onset.

QUALITIES OF DIFFICULT-TO-TREAT DISEASES

शस्त्रादिसाधनः कृच्छ्रः सङ्करे च ततो गदःशेषत्वादायुषो याप्यः पथ्याभ्यासाद्विपर्यये

Disease which

1. require the use of sharp instruments etc. in treatment . and

2. also those which have mixture of factors enumerated in previous verses are krcchra sadhya (curable with difficulty ).

अनुपक्रम एव स्यात्स्थितो अत्यन्तविपर्ययेऔत्सुक्यमोहारतिकृद् दुष्टरिष्टो अक्षनाशनः

Diseases

1. which have features entirely opposite of curable diseases,

2. which have stayed for long period of time,

3. involving all the important tissues and vital organs,

4. which have produced anxiety (fear of death), delusion and restlessness;

5. which are presenting fatal signs and

6. which causes loss of sense organs are impossible to cure. (Anupakrama ), which require no therapy, fit to be rejected, sure to cause death.

PATIENT WORTH REJECTION:

त्येजेदार्तं भिषग्भूपैर्द्विष्टं तेषां द्विषं द्विषम्हीनोपकरणं व्यग्रमविधेयं गतायुषम्चण्डं शोकातुरं भीरुं कृतघ्नं वैद्यमानिनम्

The physician should reject the patient,

1. who is hated by physician and the king and who hates them;

2. who hates himself (dejected in life),

3. who is not having the equipments and other facilities required for treatment,

4. who is busy with other activities,

5. not having the required attention, leisure etc. towards the treatment,

6. who is disobedient (to the physician),

7. whose life is coming to an end,

8. who is of evil mind (violent, destructive),

9. who is afflicted with great grief,

10.who is full of fear,

11.who is ungrateful and

12.who thinks himself to be a physician (in respect of deciding drug, therapies, food, activities etc) .

ADHYAYA SANGRAHA – CHAPTERS OF THE TREATISE

तत्रास्यास्य परम् चातो वक्ष्यते अध्यायसङ्ग्रहः

I. SUTRASTHANA

आयुष्कामदिनत्वर्हीहारोगानुत्पादनद्रयाःअन्नज्ञानान्नसंरक्षामात्राद्रव्यरसाश्रयाःदोषादिज्ञानतद्भवेदतच्चिकित्स्याद्युपक्रमाःशुद्ध्यादिस्नेहस्वेदरेकास्थापननावनम्धूमगण्डूषदृक्सेकतृप्तियन्त्रकशस्त्रकम्शिराविधिः शल्यविधिः शस्त्रक्षाराग्निकर्मिकौसूत्रस्तानमिमे अध्यायास्त्रिंशत्

1. Ayuskamiya adhyaya (desire for long life).
2. Dinacarya adhyaya (daily regimen).
3. Rtucarya adhyaya (seasonal regimen).
4. Roganutpadaniya adhyaya (prevention of diseases).
5. Dravadravya vijnaniya adhyaya (knowledge of liquid materials).
6. Annasvarupa vijnaniya adhyaya (nature of food materials).
7. Annaraksadhyaya (Protection of foods).
8. Matrasitiyadhyaya (Proper quantity of food).
9. Dravyadi vijnaniya adhyaya (Knowledge of substances etc.).
10. Rasabhediya adhyaya (classification of tastes).
11. Dosadi vijnaniya adhyaya (Knowledge of dosas etc.).
12. Dosabhediya adhyaya (classification of dosas).
13. Dosopakramaniya adhyaya (treatment of the dosas).
14. Dvividhopakramaniya adhyaya (two kinds of treatments).
15. Sodhanadigana sangraha adhyaya (groups of drugs for purificatory therapies etc.).
16. Sneha vidhi adhyaya (oleation therapy).
17. Svedavidhi adhyaya (sudation therapy).
18. Vamana virecana vidhi adhyaya (emesis and purgation therapies).
19. Basti vidhi adhyaya (enema therapy).
20. Nasya vidhi adhyaya (nasal medication).
21. Dhumapana vidhi adhyaya (inhalation of smoke therapy).
22. Gandusadi vidhi adhyaya (mouth gargles and other therapies).
23. Ascyotana-anjana vidhi adhyaya (eye drops, collyrium therapies).
24. Tarpana-putapaka vidhi adhyaya (satiating the eye and other therapies).
25. Yantra vidhi adhyaya (use of blunt instruments).
26. Sastra vidhi adhyaya (use of sharp instruments).
27. Siravyadha vidhi adhyaya (venesection).
28. Salyaharana vidhi adhyaya (removal of foreign bodies).
29. Sastrakarma vidhi adhyaya (surgical operation).
30. Ksaragnikarma vidhi adhyaya (alkaline and thermal cautery).

II. SARIRA STHANA (SECTION ON ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY ETC).

शारीरमुच्यतेगर्भावक्रान्तितद्व्यापदङ्गमर्माविभागिकम्विकृतिर्दूतजं षष्ठम्

1. Garbhavakranti sarira (embryology).

2. Garbhavyapad sarira (disorders of pregnancy).

3. Anga vibhaga sarira (different parts of the body).

4. Marma vibhaga sarira (classification of vital spots).5. Vikrti vijnaniya sarira (knowledge of bad prognosis).

6. Dutadi vijnaniya sarira (knowledge of messenger etc.).

III. NIDANA STHANA (DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES):

निदानं सार्वरोगिकम्ज्वरासृक्श्वासयक्ष्मादिमदाद्यर्शोतिसारिणाम्मूत्राघातप्रमेहाणां विद्रद्याद्युदरस्य चपाण्डुकुष्ठानिलार्तानां वातास्रस्य च षोडशा

1. Sarvroga nidanam (diagnosis of diseases in general).

2. Jvara nidanam (diagnosis of fever).

3. Raktapitta, Kasa nidanam (disease and cough).4. Svasa-Hidhma nidanam (diagnosis of bleeding disease and cough).

5. Rajayaksmadi nidanam (diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis etc.).

6. Madatyaya nidanam (diagnosis of alcoholic intoxication).

7. Arsas nidanam (diagnosis of haemorrhoids).

8. Atisara-Grahani nidanam (diagnosis of diarrhoea and duodenal disorders).

9. Mutraghata nidanam (diagnosis of retention of urine).

10. Prameha nidanam (diagnosis of diabetes).

11. Vidradhi-Vrddhi-Gulma nidanam (diagnosis of abscess, enlargement of the scrotum and abdominal tumour).

12. Udara nidanam (diagnosis of enlargement of the abdomen).

13. Panduroga-sopha-visarpa nidanam (diagnosis of anaemia, dropsy and herpes).

14. Kustha-svitra-krimi nidanam (diagnosis of leprosy, leucoderma and parasites).

15. Vata vyadhi nidanam (diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system).

16. Vatasonita nidanam (diagnosis of gout).

IV. CIKITSITA STHANA (THERAPEUTICS):

चिकित्सितं ज्वरे रक्ते श्वासे कासे च यक्ष्मणिवामौ मदात्यये अर्शःसु, विशि द्वौ, द्वौ च मूत्रितेविद्रधौ गुल्मजठरपाण्डुशोफविसर्पिषुकुष्ठश्वित्रानिलव्याधिवातास्रेषु चिकित्सितम्द्वाविंशतिरिमे अध्यायाः

1. Jvara cikitsita (treatment of fevers).

2. Raktapitta cikitsita (treatment of bleeding disease).3. Kasa cikitsita (treatment of cough).

4. Svasa-Hidhma cikitsita (treatment of dyspnoea and hiccup).

5. Rajayaksmadi cikitsita (treatment of pul. tuberculosis, etc.).

6. Chardi-Hrdroga-Trsna cikitsita (treatment of vomiting, heart disease and thirst).

7. Madatyaya cikitsita (treatment of alcoholic intoxication).

8. Arsas cikitsita (treatment of haemorrhoids).

9. Atisara cikitsita (treatment of diarrhoea).

10. Grahani dosa cikitsita (treatment of duodenal disorder).

11. Mutraghata cikitsita (treatment of retention of urine).

12. Prameha cikitsita (treatment of diabetes).

13. Vidradhi-vrddhi cikitsita (treatment of abscess, enlargement of the scrotum).

14. Gulma cikitsita (treatment of abdominal tumour).

15. Udara cikitsita (treatment of enlargement of the abdomen).

16. Pandu roga cikitsita (treatment of anaemia).

17. Svayathu (sopha) cikitsita (treatment of dropsy).

18. Visarpa cikitsita (treatment of herpes).

19. Kustha cikitsita (treatment of leprosy).

20. Svitra-krimi cikitsita (treatment of leucoderma and parasites).

21. Vata vyadhi cikitsita (treatment of diseases of the nervous system).

22. Vatasonita cikitsita (treatment of gout).

V. KALPASIDDHI STHANA (PURIFICATORY RECIPES, PHARMACEUTICS):

कल्पसिद्धिरतः परम्कल्पो वमोविरेकस्य तत्सिद्धिर्बस्तिकल्पनासिद्धिर्बस्त्यापदां षष्ठो द्रव्यकल्पः

1. Vamana kalpa (emetic recipes).

2. Virecana kalpa (purgative recipes).

3. Vamana virecana vyapat siddhi (management of complications of emesis and purgation therapies).

4. Basti kalpa (enema recipes).

5. Basti vyapat siddhi (management of complications of enema therapy).

6. Dravya-kalpa (pharmaceutics).

VI. UTTARASTHANA:

अत उत्तरम्बालोपचारे तद्रव्याधौ तद्ग्रहे, द्वौ च भूतगेउन्मादे अथ स्मृतिभ्रंशो, द्वौ द्वौ वर्त्मसु संधिषुदृक्तमोलिङ्गनाशेषु त्रयो, द्वौ द्वौ च सर्वगेकर्णनासामुखशिरोव्रणे, भङ्गे भगन्दरेग्रन्थ्यादौ क्षुद्ररोगेषु गुह्यरोगे पृथक्द्वयम्विषे भुजङ्गे कीटेषु मुष्केषु रसायनेचत्वारिंशो अनपत्यानामध्यायो बीजपोषणः

1. Balopacaraniya adhyaya (care of the new born baby).

2. Balamaya pratisedha (treatment of diseases of children).

3. Balagraha pratisedha (treatment of evil spirits).

4. Bhuta vijnaniya (knowledge of demons).

5. Bhuta pratisedha (treatment of demons).

6. Unmada pratisedha (treatment of insanity).

7. Apasmara pratisedha (treatment of epilepsy).

8. Vartma roga vijnaniya (knowledge of diseases of eyelids).

9. Vartma roga pratsedha (treatment of diseases of eyelids).

10. Sandhisitasita roga vijnaniya (knowledge of diseases of fornices, sclera and cornea).

11. Sandhisitasita roga pratisedha (treatment of diseases of fornices, sclera and cornea).

12. Drsti roga vijnaniya (knowledge of diseases of vision).

13. Timira pratisedha (treatment of blindness).

14. Linganasa pratisedha (treatment of blindness).

15. Sarvaksi roga vijnaniya (knowledge of diseases of the whole eye).

16. Sarvaksi roga pratisedha (treatment of diseases of the whole eye).

17. Karna roga vijnaniya (knowledge of diseases of the ear).

18. Karna roga pratisedha (treatment of diseases of the ear).

19. Nasa roga vijnaniya (knowledge of the diseases of the nose).

20. Nasa roga pratisedha (treatment of diseases of the nose).

21. Mukha roga vijnaniya (knowledge of the diseases of the mouth).

22. Mukha roga pratisedha (treatment of diseases of the mouth).

23. Siro roga vijnaniya (knowledge of the diseases of head).

24. Siro roga pratisedha (treatment of diseases of the head).

25. Vrana pratisedha (treatment of ulcers).

26. Sadyo vrana pratisedha (treatment of traumatic wounds).

27. Bhanga pratisedha (treatment of fractures).

28. Bhagandara pratisedha (treatment of rectal fistula)

29. Granthi-arbuda-slipada-apaci-nadi vijnaniya (knowledge of tumours, cancers, filariasis, scrofula and sinus ulcer).

30. Granthyadi pratisedha (treatment of tumours etc.).31. Ksudra roga vijnaniya (knowledge of minor diseases).

32. Ksudra roga pratisedha (treatment of minor diseases).

33. Guhya roga vijnaniya (knowledge of diseases of genital organs).

34. Guhya roga pratisedha (treatment of diseases of genital organs).

35. Visa pratisedha (treatment of poisoning).

36. Sarpa visa pratisedha (treatment of snake bite poison).

37. Kitalutadi visa pratisedha (treatment of poison of insects, spiders etc.).

38. Musika-alarka visa pratisedha (treatment of poison of mouse, rabid, dog etc.).

39. Rasayana vidhi (rejuvination therapy).

40. Vajikarana vidhi (virilification therapy).

इत्यध्यायशतं विंशं षड्भिः स्थानैरुदीरितम्

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